-enie

Hungarian

Etymology

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -nie (conjugated infinitive suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛnijɛ]

Suffix

-enie

1. (conjugated infinitive suffix) Forms the third-person singular and the second-person singular formal of an infinitive.

   veszíteni (“to lose”) → Súlyt kell veszítenie. ― He/she has to lose weight. / You (formal) have to lose weight.

Usage notes

• The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:

  Itt nem szabad dohányoznia. ― S/he is not allowed to smoke here. (third person)

  Itt nem szabad dohányozni. ― Smoking is not allowed here. (general)

• With words like “important, necessary” etc., it is expressed in English as “for him/her to…”.

  Fontos eljönnie. ― It is important for him/her to come here. or It is important that s/he come here.

• Variants:

  -nia is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ni

  rohanni (“to run”) → Rohannia kell. ― He/she has to run.

  -nie is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ni

  nevetni (“to laugh”) → Nevetnie kell. ― He/she has to laugh.

  főzni (“to cook”) → Főznie kell. ― He/she has to cook.

  -ania is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with -ani

  tanítani (“to teach”) → Tanítania kell. ― He/she has to teach.

  -enie is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with -eni

  veszíteni (“to lose”) → Súlyt kell veszítenie. ― He/she has to lose weight.

    Conjugated infinitive – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-nom	-nem	-nöm
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anom	-enem
te	2nd person singular	-nod	-ned	-nöd
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anod	-ened
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-nia	-nie
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-ania	-enie
mi	1st person plural	-nunk	-nünk
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anunk	-enünk
ti	2nd person plural	-notok	-netek	-nötök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anotok	-enetek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-niuk	-niük
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-aniuk	-eniük
	archaic/dialectal	-niok	-niök

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɛɲɛː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɛɲe/

Suffix

-enie

1. forms verbal nouns

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -enie

Descendants

• Polish: -enie

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -enie, from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɲɛ/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɲe/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛɲɛ
• Syllabification: e‧nie

Suffix

-enie n

1. forms gerunds, usually from verbs ending with -ić

   ‎wybawić + ‎-enie → ‎wybawienie

Declension

Declension of -enie

	singular	plural
nominative	-enie	-enia
genitive	-enia	-eń
dative	-eniu	-eniom
accusative	-enie	-enia
instrumental	-eniem	-eniami
locative	-eniu	-eniach
vocative	-enie	-enia

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -enie

See also

• -anie