-istaa

See also: -istää

Finnish

Etymology

Formally -ise- +‎ -taa, i.e. extracted from verbs originally formed by the suffix -taa from adjectives ending in -inen : -ise-. This reanalysis has likely been further supported by verbs such as altistaa, kaunistaa, tiivistää, valmistaa, all -taa verbs derived from adjectives which show -is even in the nominative.

Suffix

-istaa (front vowel harmony variant -istää, stem -ista-, linguistic notation -istA- or -istAA)

1. Forms verbs meaning "to make (into)", predominantly from adjectives; -ize/-ise

   ‎vahva (“strong”) + ‎-istaa → ‎vahvistaa (“to strengthen”)

   ‎tosi (“real”) + ‎-istaa → ‎todistaa (“to verify”)

2. Forms verbs referring to applying a tool onto or to equipping something.

   ‎kone (“machine”) + ‎-istaa → ‎koneistaa (“to machine”)

   ‎tietokone (“computer”) + ‎-istaa → ‎tietokoneistaa (“to computerize”)

Usage notes

After labial vowels, the -i- is frequently omitted: see -staa.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -istaa

Anagrams

• -aista, aasit, aisat, aista, asiat, astia, saati, saita

Ingrian

Etymology

Re-extracted form of -taa after nominals ending in -in. Akin to Finnish -istaa.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-istɑː/, [-is̠tɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-istɑː/, [-iʃtɑː]

Suffix

-istaa (front vowel variant -istää)

1. Used to form inchoative verbs: -ise

   ‎vari (“hot”) + ‎-istaa → ‎varistaa (“heat up”)

Usage notes

• After labial vowels (-o, -ö, -u, -y), an alternative form -staa is more frequently used.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -istaa (type 2/kirjuttaa, st-ss gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-issan	en -issa	1st singular	oon -istant, oon -istanut	en oo -istant, en oo -istanut
2nd singular	-issat	et -issa	2nd singular	oot -istant, oot -istanut	et oo -istant, et oo -istanut
3rd singular	-istaa	ei -issa	3rd singular	ono -istant, ono -istanut	ei oo -istant, ei oo -istanut
1st plural	-issamma	emmä -issa	1st plural	oomma -istanneet	emmä oo -istanneet
2nd plural	-issatta	että -issa	2nd plural	ootta -istanneet	että oo -istanneet
3rd plural	-istaat1), -istavat2), -issettaa	evät -issa, ei -isseta	3rd plural	ovat -istanneet	evät oo -istanneet, ei oo -issettu
impersonal	-issettaa	ei -isseta	impersonal	ono -issettu	ei oo -issettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-issin	en -istant, en -istanut	1st singular	olin -istant, olin -istanut	en olt -istant, en olt -istanut
2nd singular	-issit	et -istant, et -istanut	2nd singular	olit -istant, olit -istanut	et olt -istant, et olt -istanut
3rd singular	-isti	ei -istant, ei -istanut	3rd singular	oli -istant, oli -istanut	ei olt -istant, ei olt -istanut
1st plural	-issimma	emmä -istanneet	1st plural	olimma -istanneet	emmä olleet -istanneet
2nd plural	-issitta	että -istanneet	2nd plural	olitta -istanneet	että olleet -istanneet
3rd plural	-istiit1), -istivat2), -issettii	evät -istanneet, ei -issettu	3rd plural	olivat -istanneet	evät olleet -istanneet, ei olt -issettu
impersonal	-issettii	ei -issettu	impersonal	oli -issettu	ei olt -issettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-istaisin	en -istais	1st singular	olisin -istant, olisin -istanut	en olis -istant, en olis -istanut
2nd singular	-istaisit, -istaist1)	et -istais	2nd singular	olisit -istant, olisit -istanut	et olis -istant, et olis -istanut
3rd singular	-istais	ei -istais	3rd singular	olis -istant, olis -istanut	ei olis -istant, ei olis -istanut
1st plural	-istaisimma	emmä -istais	1st plural	olisimma -istanneet	emmä olis -istanneet
2nd plural	-istaisitta	että -istais	2nd plural	olisitta -istanneet	että olis -istanneet
3rd plural	-istaisiit1), -istaisivat2), -issettais	evät -istais, ei -issettais	3rd plural	olisivat -istanneet	evät olis -istanneet, ei olis -issettu
impersonal	-issettais	ei -issettais	impersonal	olis -issettu	ei olis -issettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-issa	elä -issa	2nd singular	oo -istant, oo -istanut	elä oo -istant, elä oo -istanut
3rd singular	-istakkoo	elköö -istako	3rd singular	olkoo -istant, olkoo -istanut	elköö olko -istant, elköö olko -istanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-istakkaa	elkää -istako	2nd plural	olkaa -istanneet	elkää olko -istanneet
3rd plural	-istakkoot	elkööt -istako, elköö -issettako	3rd plural	olkoot -istanneet	elkööt olko -istanneet, elköö olko -issettu
impersonal	-issettakoo	elköö -issettako	impersonal	olkoo -issettu	elköö olko -issettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-istanen	en -istane
2nd singular	-istanet	et -istane
3rd singular	-istannoo	ei -istane
1st plural	-istanemma	emmä -istane
2nd plural	-istanetta	että -istane
3rd plural	-istannoot	evät -istane, ei -issettane
impersonal	-issettanoo	ei -issettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-istaa	present	-istava	-issettava
2nd	inessive	-istaes	past	-istant, -istanut	-issettu
	instructive	-istaen	1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-istakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-istammaa
	inessive	-istamas
	elative	-istamast
	abessive	-istamata
4th	nominative	-istamiin
	partitive	-istamista, -istamist

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -istaa