-l
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-l
- Marks the adessive case: at
- Marks the inessive case: in
- Marks the temporal case: for
- Marks the instrumental case: using; by means of
- Marks the testimonial case: by; ... is my witness
References edit
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 363
Hungarian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From a Proto-Uralic *-l suffix.[1]
Suffix edit
-l
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
- -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.
Derived terms edit
- babrál
- barangol
- bomlik
- bonyolít
- botlik
- cáfol
- csápol
- cserfel
- csigolya
- csihol
- csilingel
- csiripel
- csivitel
- csókol
- csörömpöl
- dacol
- dörömböl
- durmol
- emlékezik
- engesztel
- eszkábál
- eszmél
- fanyalodik
- ficánkol
- foszlik
- fúl
- fütyül
- gányol
- göngyölít
- guggol
- hajol
- hajszol
- hall
- harákol
- hergel
- ihlet
- illan
- ingerel
- irdal
- kallódik
- karmol
- kárál
- kefél
- kelepel
- kéklik
- kísérel
- kortyol
- kotlik
- követel
- kukorékol
- kunyerál
- kuruttyol
- -lak/-lek
- -lal/-lel
- lehel
- locsol
- lohol
- magasztal
- majszol
- marasztal
- marcangol
- markol
- miákol
- mormol
- morzsol
- motoszkál
- nyargal
- nyiszál
- nyivákol
- nyúl
- omlik
- oszlik
- ötlik
- ötöl-hatol
- őröl
- parázslik
- paskol
- patyolat
- pepecsel
- pisil
- pittypalattyol
- pletykál
- pocsékol
- pocsolya
- pörköl
- püföl
- regöl (one option)
- reszel
- reteszel
- riszál
- robotol
- rombol (one option)
- romlik
- rostál
- sajnál
- sajtol
- sínylik
- sípol
- tapasztal
- tékozol
- tépelődik
- térdepel
- tombol
- torlódik
- tökél → eltökél
- töröl
- trécsel
- ürül
- vizsla
- zilál
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈ place name suffix.
Suffix edit
-l
- (ablative suffix, obsolete) It is of ancient origin answering the question from where? It is no longer productive and is no longer an independent suffix in modern Hungarian. However, it can still be found in suffixes such as -ból/-ből, -nál/-nél, -ról/-ről, -tól/-től, -ul/-ül, in postpositions such as alól, mellől and in several adverbs, e.g. kívül, belül, hátul. In the Old Hungarian era it could express not only direction but also more abstract adverbs.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ -l in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *-lla. Cognates include Finnish -lla and Estonian -l.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /-lːɑ/, [-ɫːɑ], /-lːæ/, [-lʲːæ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /-l/, [-l]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /-l/, [-l]
Suffix edit
-l
- Used to form the adessive case; on
Usage notes edit
- May trigger vowel elongation of the preceding vowel.
Inflection edit
Possessive forms of -l | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | -llaan | -llamme |
2nd person | -llaas | -llanne |
3rd person | -llaa | -llasse |
References edit
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 44
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *-lom, from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”).
Suffix edit
-l n
- Forms verbal nouns for verbs ending in ·lá
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | -lN | -lN | -lL, -la |
Vocative | -lN | -lN | -lL, -la |
Accusative | -lN | -lN | -lL, -la |
Genitive | -ilL | -l | -lN |
Dative | -lL | -laib | -laib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms edit
Romani edit
Suffix edit
-l
- Forms the third-person singular present indicative of vocalic oikoclitic verbs
Romanian edit
Alternative forms edit
- -ul — for masculine and neuter nouns that do not end in a vowel other than -i
- -le — for masculine and neuter nouns that end in -e
Etymology edit
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille. Originally followed the noun and became attached to it as an inflection, unlike the definite articles in the other major Romance languages, which go before the noun.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-l m/n
- (definite article) the (masculine/neuter singular, nominative and accusative)
Usage notes edit
This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in a vowel other than -e or -i:
- tatăl (the father), from tată, masc.
- fiul (the son), from fiu, masc.
- agrul (the field), from agru, neut.
- leul (the lion), from leu, masc.
The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies.