-lik
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch -lijk. False cognate of Turkish -lik.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Suffix edit
-lik
- Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.
Derived terms edit
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lıq | -lik | -luq | -lük |
-lik
- used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity
- used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship
- used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions
- müəllim (“teacher”) + -lik → müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)
- qəssab (“butcher”) + -lik → qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)
- used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory
- used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns
- ağac (“tree”) + -lik → ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)
- kölgə (“shadow”) + -lik → kölgəlik (“a shady place”)
- ilan (“snake”) + -lik → ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)
- bataq (“swamp”) + -lik → bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)
- ocaq (“hearth”) + -lik → ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)
- used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly
- used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items
Usage notes edit
- It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).
Derived terms edit
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- qave (“coffee”) + -lik → qavelik (“coffee pot”)
Usage notes edit
- By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.
Derived terms edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)
Suffix edit
-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)
Declension edit
Declension of -lik (ÕS type 25/õnnelik, kk-k gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -lik | -likud | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -liku | ||
genitive | -like -likkude | ||
partitive | -likku | -likke -likkusid | |
illative | -likku -likusse |
-likesse -likkudesse | |
inessive | -likus | -likes -likkudes | |
elative | -likust | -likest -likkudest | |
allative | -likule | -likele -likkudele | |
adessive | -likul | -likel -likkudel | |
ablative | -likult | -likelt -likkudelt | |
translative | -likuks | -likeks -likkudeks | |
terminative | -likuni | -likeni -likkudeni | |
essive | -likuna | -likena -likkudena | |
abessive | -likuta | -liketa -likkudeta | |
comitative | -likuga | -likega -likkudega |
Derived terms edit
Greenlandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-lik (n-n?, truncative?)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -lik in Katersat
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From -l (verb-forming suffix) + -ik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-lik
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lik is added to both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
- -llik is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á. Final -e changes to -é.
- barna (“brown”) + -llik → barnállik (“to appear in brown color”)
- fekete (“black”) + -llik → feketéllik (“to appear in black color”)
- -allik is added to back-vowel words
- -ollik is added to some back-vowel words
- -ellik is added to front-vowel words
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ -lik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
K'iche' edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-lik
- Forms adjectives from verbs
- Forms adjectives from nouns
References edit
- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From the adjective lik (“similar”).
Suffix edit
-lik
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lık | -lik | -luk | -lük |
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- year-old
- 18'lik kız ― 18 year old girl
- old
- 10 günlük, 3 aylık bebek ― 10-days-old, 3-month-old baby
- Lasting for a period of time.
- 5 dakikalık bir video ― a 5 minutes long video
- 2 saatlik bir film ― a 2 hours long movie
- üç günlük ömür ― life is too short (literally, “lifetime that will last three days”)
Usage notes edit
- The suffix is attached to nouns or sometimes adjectives, and then forms a noun or, more rarely, an adjective. The suffix is often found attached to verbal nouns formed with the suffix -me or its variant -ma. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) gives rise to the verbal noun atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus to the term atıştırmalık, which is both a noun meaning “snack” and an adjective meaning “suitable for snacking”.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Greek: -λίκι (-líki)
Uzbek edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Chagatai ـلیق (-lıq), ـلیک (-lik), ـلوق (-luq), ـلوک (-lük), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
Suffix edit
-lik