Egyptian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Compare with Arabic ـيَ (-ya) and Blin .

Pronunciation edit

 

Pronoun edit

A1

 sg 1. suffix pronoun

  1. I, me, my (see usage notes)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:
      ir
      n
      A1h
      r
      whrwZ1Z1Z1wa
      a
      Z1 nDs
      k
      WA1ibZ1A1msnn
      nw
      wA1Z1Z1A1
      zDr
      r
      A55
      k
      wA1mXn
      n
      nw W
      pr
      n
      k
      Ap
      V19
      pr
      n
      xt
      t Z1
      q
      n
      iD32a
      n
      A1H6AWiitra
      jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt
      I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, I having embraced the shadows.
Usage notes edit

This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.

  • When attached to a noun, it indicates the possessor of the noun.
  • When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates the subject of the verb.
  • When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates the object of the verb.
  • In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
  • When attached to a particle like jw or a parenthetic like ḫr, it indicates the subject of the clause.
  • When attached to a preposition, it indicates the object of the preposition.
  • When it follows a relative adjective such as ntj or ntt, it indicates the subject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).
Inflection edit
Alternative forms edit

The first person singular suffix pronoun is often not written; particularly, it is regularly omitted in Old Egyptian. When it is written, it has a number of variants:

Further, it can optionally be varied to indicate the identity of the antecedent — a distinction which would not have been indicated in speech, e.g.:

In Late Egyptian, the presence of this pronoun results in the retention of final -t when the word it is attached to ends in this consonant; this is sometimes expressed by leaving the pronoun unwritten but adding
tW
to indicate the retained -t.

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

i

 m sg 3. stative ending

  1. (Old Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) he, him
Inflection edit
Alternative forms edit

References edit

  1. ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 56, 63