Appendix:Glossary of parts of speech

Not all the parts of speech found below can be found in English.

Adpositions

An adposition is an "element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context". The ones listed below all have the same function, but differ only in where they are placed relative to their object.

These are usually all called "prepositions" because they are not functionally different from each other.

Part of speech	Definition	Example
preposition	Adposition that comes before its object	before, with, to, for
postposition	Adposition that comes after its object	Dutch achterna, naartoe
circumposition	Pair of adpositions that go around their object
ambiposition	Can be either a preposition or postposition	notwithstanding, aside

Adjectives

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Part of speech	Definition	Example
adjective	modifies a noun or pronoun	funny, interesting, so-called
determiner	an adjective that indicates which one or how many	that, the, ten, few
article	the determiners the, a, or equivalent	the, a, an
numeral or number	Indicates quantity (cardinal number/numeral) or rank in numbers (ordinal number/numeral)	five, fifth, first, zero

Some things that adjectives can be are:

• alienans
• attributive
• autological
• heterological
• predicative

Adverbs

Part of speech	Definition	Example
adverb	modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb	interestingly, mostly, a little

Clauses

To be completed

Conjunctions

To be completed

Nouns

To be completed

Pronouns

To be completed

Others

Part of speech	Definition	Example
interjection or exclamation	A word that usually expresses emotion that can stand on its own	thank you, holy shit, oh
particle	A word that does not fit into any other class	O, to