Appendix:Proto-Germanic/-þiz

This entry contains Proto-Germanic reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /θiz/

Noun

*-þiz f

1. Forms abstract nouns from verb roots, usually from strong verbs.

Declension

Declension of *-þiz (i-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*-þiz	*-þīz
Vocative	*-þi	*-þīz
Accusative	*-þį	*-þinz
Genitive	*-þīz	*-þijǫ̂
Dative	*-þī	*-þimaz
Instrumental	*-þī	*-þimiz

Usage notes

There are several variant forms based on the final consonant of the stem and the original position of the accent:

• Ending in a dental: *-siz (with the Germanic spirant law applied)
• Ending in an obstruent: *-tiz (with the Germanic spirant law applied)
• Otherwise: *-þiz, *-diz

Derived terms

[+] Proto-Germanic words suffixed with -þiz

Descendants

This suffix was no longer productive in the daughter languages. The following lists outcomes of derived terms.

• Old English: -þ
  • English: -th
• Old Saxon: -th
• Old Dutch: *-t
  • Dutch: -d, -t
• Old High German: -d
  • German: -d
• Old Norse: -ðr
  • Icelandic: -ður
  • Swedish: -d
  • Danish: -d
• Gothic: -𐌸𐍃 (-þs)