Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/abnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃op-, *h₃ep- (“to work; the result of work, income, wealth”). Cognate with Latin ops (“help”), Lithuanian apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*abnijaną

1. to perform, to execute

Inflection

Conjugation of *abnijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*abnijō	*abnijaų	—	*abnijai	?
2nd singular	*abnīsi	*abnijais	*abnī	*abnijasai	*abnijaisau
3rd singular	*abnīþi	*abnijai	*abnijaþau	*abnijaþai	*abnijaiþau
1st dual	*abnijōs	*abnijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*abnijaþiz	*abnijaiþiz	*abnijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*abnijamaz	*abnijaim	—	*abnijanþai	*abnijainþau
2nd plural	*abnīþ	*abnijaiþ	*abnīþ	*abnijanþai	*abnijainþau
3rd plural	*abnijanþi	*abnijain	*abnijanþau	*abnijanþai	*abnijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*abnidǭ	*abnidēdį̄
2nd singular	*abnidēz	*abnidēdīz
3rd singular	*abnidē	*abnidēdī
1st dual	*abnidēdū	*abnidēdīw
2nd dual	*abnidēdudiz	*abnidēdīdiz
1st plural	*abnidēdum	*abnidēdīm
2nd plural	*abnidēdud	*abnidēdīd
3rd plural	*abnidēdun	*abnidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*abnijandz	*abnidaz

Related terms

• *abniją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *abnijan
  • Old English: æfnan, efnan
• Old Norse: efna
  • Icelandic: efna
  • Faroese: evna
  • Norwegian: emna, evna
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: emne
  • Old Swedish: æmna, æmpna
    • Swedish: ämna
  • Danish: evne
    • Norwegian Bokmål: evne