Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.rɔːː/

Noun

*arô m

1. eagle

Inflection

Originally an n-stem with the zero grade forms of the suffix, as in *berô and Latin carō.

consonant stemDeclension of *arô (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*arô	*arniz
vocative	*arô	*arniz
accusative	*arnų	*arnunz
genitive	*arniz	*arnǫ̂
dative	*arni	*arnumaz
instrumental	*arnē	*arnumiz

Descendants

In most languages, the oblique stem was generalised, generally as a u-stem.

• Proto-West Germanic: *arō, *arnu
  • Old English: earn
    • Middle English: earn, ærn, erne, ern
      • Scots: erne, ern, airne
      • English: erne
  • Old Frisian: *ern
    • North Frisian: earn, iarn
    • West Frisian: earn
  • Old Saxon: *arn
    • Middle Low German: arn, arne
      • >? Low German: Aar
  • Old Dutch: *arn
    • Middle Dutch: āer, āren
      • Dutch: aar, arend
  • Old High German: aro, arn
    • Middle High German: are, ar
      • German: (poetic) Aar
      • ⇒ Middle High German: adelare, adelar
        • German: Adler, (older) Adelaar
        • → Dutch: adelaar
        • → Low German: Aadler, Oodler
        • → Saterland Frisian: Oadler, Oadeler
        • → Plautdietsch: Odla, Oodler
• Old Norse: ari, ǫrn
  • Icelandic: örn
  • Faroese: ørn
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ørn
  • Elfdalian: örn
  • Old Swedish: ørn
    • Swedish: örn
  • Old Danish: ørn
    • Danish: ørn
      • Norwegian Bokmål: ørn
    • Scanian: ǫrn
  • Gutnish: ann, örn
• Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌰 (ara)