Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bandijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *bindaną +‎ *-janą^[1]. The sense to "bend, inflect" (Old Norse and Old English only) is probably derived from the act of bending a bow in order to bind it.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*bandijaną^[1]^[2]

(transitive) To bind, fetter, restrain; stretch
(transitive) To bend

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *bandijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bandijō	*bandijaų	—	*bandijai	?
2nd singular	*bandīsi	*bandijais	*bandī	*bandijasai	*bandijaisau
3rd singular	*bandīþi	*bandijai	*bandijaþau	*bandijaþai	*bandijaiþau
1st dual	*bandijōs	*bandijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bandijaþiz	*bandijaiþiz	*bandijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*bandijamaz	*bandijaim	—	*bandijanþai	*bandijainþau
2nd plural	*bandīþ	*bandijaiþ	*bandīþ	*bandijanþai	*bandijainþau
3rd plural	*bandijanþi	*bandijain	*bandijanþau	*bandijanþai	*bandijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bandidǭ	*bandidēdį̄
2nd singular	*bandidēz	*bandidēdīz
3rd singular	*bandidē	*bandidēdī
1st dual	*bandidēdū	*bandidēdīw
2nd dual	*bandidēdudiz	*bandidēdīdiz
1st plural	*bandidēdum	*bandidēdīm
2nd plural	*bandidēdud	*bandidēdīd
3rd plural	*bandidēdun	*bandidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*bandijandz	*bandidaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *bandijan
- Old English: bendan
  - Middle English: benden
    - English: bend
    - Scots: bend
- Old Saxon: *bendian
  - Middle Low German: benden
- Old High German: *benten
  - Middle High German: benden
- → Old French: bender, bander
  - Middle French: bander
    - French: bander
  - → Occitan: bendar
  - → Italian: bendare, bandare
  - → Spanish: vendar, bandar
  - → Portuguese: vendar, bandar
Old Norse: benda
- Icelandic: benda
- Faroese: benda
- Norwegian: bende
- Old Swedish: bænda
  - Swedish: bända
- Danish: bænde

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bandjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bandjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bandjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bandjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[1]

[2]