Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brestaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰres- (“to burst, break, crack, split, separate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbres.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brestaną

1. to burst, break, sunder, split, crack

Inflection

Conjugation of *brestaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brestō	*brestaų	—	*brestai	?
2nd singular	*bristizi	*brestaiz	*brest	*brestazai	*brestaizau
3rd singular	*bristidi	*brestai	*brestadau	*brestadai	*brestaidau
1st dual	*brestōz	*brestaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brestadiz	*brestaidiz	*brestadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brestamaz	*brestaim	—	*brestandai	*brestaindau
2nd plural	*bristid	*brestaid	*bristid	*brestandai	*brestaindau
3rd plural	*brestandi	*brestain	*brestandau	*brestandai	*brestaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brast	*brustį̄
2nd singular	*brast	*brustīz
3rd singular	*brast	*brustī
1st dual	*brustū	*brustīw
2nd dual	*brustudiz	*brustīdiz
1st plural	*brustum	*brustīm
2nd plural	*brustud	*brustīd
3rd plural	*brustun	*brustīn
	present	past
participles	*brestandz	*brustanaz

Derived terms

• *brastijaną
• *brastōną

Related terms

• *brustijaną
• *brustiz
• *brestuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brestan
  • Old English: berstan
    • Middle English: bresten, bersten
      • English: burst, bust
      • Scots: brist, bryst
  • Old Frisian: bersta
    • North Frisian: baast (Föhr-Amrum)
    • Saterland Frisian: bäärste
    • West Frisian: barste, boarste
  • Old Saxon: *brestan
    • Middle Low German: bersten, barsten, borsten
      • German Low German: barsten, basten
  • Old Dutch: brestan
    • Middle Dutch: bersten
      • Dutch: barsten, bersten
  • Old High German: *brestan, prestan, *bristan
    • Middle High German: brësten, bresten
      • German: bresten, bersten
      • Luxembourgish: baschten
  • → Old French: brisier, briser; debrisier
    • Middle French: briser; debriser
      • French: briser; débris
        • → English: debris
      • → Middle Dutch: *brisen; briselen
        • Dutch: verbrijzelen
• Old Norse: bresta
  • Icelandic: bresta
  • Faroese: bresta
  • Old Swedish: brista, bræsta
    • Swedish: brista
  • Norwegian: briste
  • Danish: briste
• Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*bristan) (in derivatives)