Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganōgaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *nōgaz, although the latter has no attested descendants. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nóḱe (“he has reached, attained”), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनाश (anā́śa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣɑˈnɔː.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*ganōgaz

1. enough, sufficient

Inflection

Declension of *ganōgaz (a-stem, strong only)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*ganōgaz	*ganōgai	*ganōgō	*ganōgôz	*ganōgą, *-at(ō)	*ganōgō
accusative	*ganōganǭ	*ganōganz	*ganōgǭ	*ganōgōz	*ganōgą, *-at(ō)	*ganōgō
genitive	*ganōgas, *ganōgis	*ganōgaizǫ̂	*ganōgaizōz	*ganōgaizǫ̂	*ganōgas, *ganōgis	*ganōgaizǫ̂
dative	*ganōgammai	*ganōgaimaz	*ganōgaizōi	*ganōgaimaz	*ganōgammai	*ganōgaimaz
instrumental	*ganōganō	*ganōgaimiz	*ganōgaizō	*ganōgaimiz	*ganōganō	*ganōgaimiz

Derived terms

• *ganōgijaną
• *ganōgijaz
• *ganōgiþō

Related terms

• *ganuganą
• *nēhwaz (*nēhw, *nēhwiz, *nēhwist)
• *nēhwijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ganōg
  • Old English: ġenōg, ġenōh
    • Middle English: ynogh, inoh, inow, ynough, ynow
      • English: enough, (archaic) enow, enoo
      • Geordie English: eneugh
      • Scots: eneuch, eneugh, aneuch
      • Yola: eenew
  • Old Frisian: enōch, anōg, nōch
    • Saterland Frisian: nouch, genouch
    • West Frisian: genôch
  • Old Saxon: ginōg, ginōh, ginuog
    • Middle Low German: genôch, genûch, ennôch
      • Low German: genaug, enaug, naug, noog
      • → Danish: nok
      • → Swedish: nock (dialectal, perhaps via Danish)
      • → Scanian: nock (perhaps via Danish)
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: nok (perhaps via Danish)
  • Old Dutch: *ginuog, genuog
    • Middle Dutch: genuch, ghenoech
      • Dutch: genoeg
        • Afrikaans: genoeg
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: gunuku
        • Jersey Dutch: xjenux
        • Negerhollands: genoeg, genug, gnug
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: genn (dated)
      • Limburgish: genog
  • Old High German: ginuog, ganōc, genūch, genūg, genuog, ginuach, ginuag, ginuoc, ginuoch, gnueg, gnūg, gnuoc, gnuog, kanoac, kanōg, kinōc, kinuoc, kinuog, kenuoc, kenuog, knueg, knuog
    • Middle High German: genuoc
      • Alemannic German: gnueg
      • Central Franconian: jeno(o)ch, genooch(t), genuuch(t), genuch
        • Luxembourgish: genuch
      • Cimbrian: ghenùg
      • German: genug
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Pennsylvania German: genunk
      • Yiddish: גענוג (genug)
• Old Norse: gnógr, nógr
  • Icelandic: gnógur, nógur
  • Faroese: nógvur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: nog; (dialectal) naug
  • Elfdalian: naug
  • Old Swedish: nōgh
    • Swedish: nog
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃 (ganōhs)