Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaþô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (“damage, harm”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀσκηθής (askēthḗs, “intact, safe, sound”, literally “without damage”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.θɔːː/

Noun edit

*skaþô m

damage, scathe
Synonym: *mainą
one who causes damage; injurer

Inflection edit

masculine an-stemDeclension of *skaþô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skaþô	*skaþaniz
vocative	*skaþô	*skaþaniz
accusative	*skaþanų	*skaþanunz
genitive	*skaþiniz	*skaþanǫ̂
dative	*skaþini	*skaþammaz
instrumental	*skaþinē	*skaþammiz

Derived terms edit

*skaþōną

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *skaþō
- Old English: sceaþa
  - Middle English: schathe
- Old Frisian: skatha, sketha
  - Saterland Frisian: Scada
- Old Saxon: skatho
  - Middle Low German: schade
- Old Dutch: scatho
  - Middle Dutch: schāde
    - Dutch: schade
    - Limburgish: sjaaj
- Old High German: scado
  - Middle High German: schade
    - Central Franconian: Schade
    - German: Schaden
    - Hunsrik: Schaade
    - Luxembourgish: Schued
    - Yiddish: שאָד (shod)
  - → Czech: škoda
  - → Old Polish: szkoda
    - Polish: szkoda
    - → Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
      - Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
      - Russian: шко́да (škóda)
      - Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)
  - → Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да
  - → Slovak: škoda
Old Norse: skaði
- Icelandic: skaði
- Faroese: skaði
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: skade
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: skade
- Old Swedish: skaþi
  - Swedish: skada, skade
- Old Danish: skathi
  - Danish: skade
- → Middle English: scathe, skathe
  - Scots: scath, scaith, skaith, schath, schaith
  - English: scath, scathe