Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wargaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An assumed inheritance supposes a Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ- (“to turn, twist, press, constrict, strangle”), but it derives easily in Proto-Slavic *vorgъ, e.g. *izъvьrgnǫti (“to cast out”), regularly cognate to Latin urgēre and in Germanic *wrekaną (“to pursue, to persecute”). See also *argaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɑr.ɣɑz/

Noun

*wargaz m

1. outlaw, criminal
2. wolf

   Synonym: *wulfaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *wargaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wargaz	*wargōz, *wargōs
vocative	*warg	*wargōz, *wargōs
accusative	*wargą	*warganz
genitive	*wargas, *wargis	*wargǫ̂
dative	*wargai	*wargamaz
instrumental	*wargō	*wargamiz

Derived terms

• *wargijaną
• *warginī

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *warg
  • Old English: wearg, warg, werg, wearh
    • Middle English: wari, weri
    • → Medieval Latin: wargus, vargus
      • → English: wargus
  • Old Saxon: warg, warag
  • Old Dutch: *warg
    • Middle Dutch: werch, warch
      • Dutch: warg
  • Old High German: warg
    • Middle High German: warc
• Old Norse: vargr, *wargʀ
  • Icelandic: vargur
  • Faroese: vargur
  • Norn: varg
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: varg
  • Elfdalian: warg
  • Old Swedish: vargher
    • Swedish: varg
  • Danish: varg
    • Norwegian Bokmål: varg
  • → English: warg (learned)
• Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐍃 (*wargs)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐍃 (launawargs)
• → Proto-Finnic: *vargas (see there for further descendants)

References

• Seebold, E. (2018). “Beraubung von Toten und die Acht in vor- und frühchristlicher Zeit”, in Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik, 78(4), pp. 389-414. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340130