Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵómbʰos
Proto-Indo-European edit
Etymology edit
From a virtual root *ǵembʰ- + *-os, but the root's precise identity is debated. Most likely it meant “to bite” and is the source of at least Sanskrit जम्भति (jámbhati, “to snap at; to snatch with the mouth (chomp)”), जम्भयति (jámbhayati, “to crunch, crush”), Lithuanian žem̃bti (“to cut slantwise, sharpen”) and Albanian dhemb (“to ache”).[1] Furthermore, this appears to be a nasal-infixed form (perhaps *ǵ-né-bʰ-ti ~ *ǵ-m̥-bʰ-énti) of the poorly attested root *ǵebʰ-, possibly found in Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”), Gaulish *gauta (“cheek”) (inferred only from descendants of Vulgar Latin *gauta, including Occitan gauta/jauta and French joue), Proto-Germanic *kaflaz (“jaw, jowl”), German Kiefer (“jaw”), Proto-Slavic *zȍbь (“fodder, oats”), *zobъ (“peck; beak, mouth; goiter”), Serbo-Croatian gȕbica (“snout, muzzle”), Lithuanian žė̃bti (“jaw, jowl”), and Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬟𐬀𐬭𐬆 (zafarə, “mouth”). As these are all nouns, the verbal function of the original root is only hypothetical.
Noun edit
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*ǵómbʰos m[2]
Inflection edit
Thematic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *ǵómbʰos | ||
genitive | *ǵómbʰosyo | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *ǵómbʰos | *ǵómbʰoh₁ | *ǵómbʰoes |
vocative | *ǵómbʰe | *ǵómbʰoh₁ | *ǵómbʰoes |
accusative | *ǵómbʰom | *ǵómbʰoh₁ | *ǵómbʰoms |
genitive | *ǵómbʰosyo | *? | *ǵómbʰoHom |
ablative | *ǵómbʰead | *? | *ǵómbʰomos |
dative | *ǵómbʰoey | *? | *ǵómbʰomos |
locative | *ǵómbʰey, *ǵómbʰoy | *? | *ǵómbʰoysu |
instrumental | *ǵómbʰoh₁ | *? | *ǵómbʰōys |
Descendants edit
- Proto-Albanian: *dzamba
- Albanian: dhëmb
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źámbas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kambaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gómpʰos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ámbʰas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *këmë
- Unsorted formations:
Further reading edit
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 594
References edit
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zęti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 543
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN