Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰuH-

1. to become, to grow, to appear

Derived terms

• Present: ?
• Aorist: *bʰúH-
• Perfect: ?

Comment

Some sources such as LIV:98-101 reconstruct the full-grade form *bʰewh₂-, *bʰweh₂-, solely on the basis of Italic and Celtic preterite and subjunctive stem, which are according to Jasanoff 2003:112-113 unjustified, and the root laryngeal cannot be precisely determined.

Descendants

In many descendants, this root formed a verbal paradigm together with *h₁es- and *h₂wes-.

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: բոյս (boys), բոյլ (boyl), բոյն (boyn), բլիթ (blitʿ), բոյթ (boytʿ)
• Baltic
  • Lithuanian būti
  • Latvian būt
• Celtic:
  • Breton: bout
  • Welsh: bod
• Germanic: *beuną (only the verb forms starting with b-), *būaną, *buskaz
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek φύω (phuō)
• Indo-Iranian: *bhávati
  • Avestan: ... (bavaiti)
  • Kurdish: bûn
  • Persian: بودن (budan)
  • Sanskrit: भवति (bhavati)
• Italic:
  • Latin fio, fui, futurus (and other verb forms of esse starting with fu-); without aspiration in compounds: probus, dubius, -bo (ending of future), -bundus (as in moribundus)
• Slavic: *byti (only the verb forms starting with by-)
  • Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti)

References

• Helmut Rix (ed.), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben, 2nd Edition, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2001, page 98-101
• Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, pages 112, 113