Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ep-

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₃ep-

1. work

Descendants

• Albanian: punojë < Old-Albanian *pojë
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ápas
  • Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)
  • Avestan: ... (ắpas)
• Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη, 'nourishment'
• Latin: opus, ?omnis
  • French: œuvre
  • Italian: opera
  • Old French: oevre/uevre
  • Old Spanish: uebos
  • Spanish: obra
• Proto-Germanic *abaz-; *abnijaną
  • Old Norse œfr, 'vehement'
  • Old High German uobo
    • Middle High German uop
      • Modern German üben
  • Gothic aba, 'husbandman'
  • Middle English and dialectal English aver 'heavy draught horse'.

References

• Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Francke Verlag: Bern und München, 1959, Volume III, page 780
• Dictionnaire Étymologique de la langue Grecque by Pierre Chantraine