Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/lewk-

This entry contains Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*lewk-

1. bright
2. to shine
3. to see

Descendants

with e-grade:

• Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós) from *lewk-os
• Latin: lūmen from *léwk-s-mn̥
• Latin: lūna from *léwk-s-neh₂
• Latin: lucubro from *lewk-o-dʰro-
• Proto-Germanic: *leuhtaz, *leuhtą from *lewk-tó-s
• Proto-Germanic: *leuhsaz, *leuhsą from *léwk-so-s
• Proto-Germanic: *leuhmô from *léwk-mn̥

with o-grade:

• from *lówk-os:
  • Latin: lūcus
  • Lithuanian: laũkas “field, open space”
  • Latvian: lauks "field"
  • Proto-Germanic: *lauhaz
  • Sanskrit: ... (lōkaḥ) “free space”
• Old Church Slavonic: лоуча, лѹча (luča) 'ray' from *lowk-yā

• from *louk-s-neh₂:
  • Proto-Slavic: *luna (“moon”)
  • Old Armenian: լուսին (lusin) (“moon”)

with zero-grade:

• Ancient Greek λύχνος (lúkhnos) from *luk-s-nos

unsorted:

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: luk(k)-
• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: լոյս (loys), լուցանեմ (lucʿanem), լուսն (lusn)
• Indo-Iranian
  • Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit रोचते (rocate) , roká ("light")
  • Iranian:
    • Avestan: ... (raočant-) ("shining"), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬵 (raočah) ("light; day")
    • Baluchi: روچ (rōč) ("sun; day")
    • Kurdish:
      • Kurmanji: roj ("sun; day"), ron ("bright")
      • Sorani: رۆژ (roj) ("day")
    • Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōč, rōz) ("day")
      • Persian: روز (rōz) ("day")
• Italic:
  • Latin: lūx (see there for further descendants), luceō (possibly from *lowk-eyo-)
• Celtic:
  • Gaulish: leux
  • Old Irish: luchair ("shine")
  • Welsh: llug ("shimmer")
• Slavic: *lučь
  • Russian: луч (luč)
  • Serbo-Croatian: луч (luč)
  • Slovene: luč
• Tocharian:
  • Tocharian A: luk-
  • Tocharian B: luk-