Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k)

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *(r-)mɑŋ~(r-)mɑːŋ (Chou, 1972); *mjəng (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k), *r/s-maŋ ⪤ mak (Matisoff, STEDT); *maŋ (Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986); *maŋ, *r-maŋ (Weidert, 1987); *r-maŋ (LaPolla, 1987); *(r-)maŋ (Michailovsky, 1991)

Verb

(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k)

1. to dream

Noun

(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k)

1. dream

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 夢／梦 (*C.məŋ-s (B-S); *mɯŋs (ZS), “to dream”)
  • Middle Chinese: 夢／梦 (mɨuŋH)

**:

→ Japanese: 夢 (む, ​mu)
Korean: 몽 (夢, mong)
Vietnamese: mộng (夢)

• • • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 夢／梦 (mèng, /mɤŋ⁵¹/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 夢／梦 /mʊŋ²²/
• Kamarupan
  • Kuki-Chin

    /*maŋ/ ("dream") (VanBik, 2009)

    • Central Chin
      • Lushai [Mizo]: mang (“dream”)
  • "Naga"
    • Northern Naga

      /*maŋ/ ("dream") (French, 1983)

    • Central Naga

      /*maŋ/ ("dream")

    • Tangkhulic

      /*maŋ/ ("dream") (Mortensen, 2012)

• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: *རྨང (rmang, “dream”) (> རྨང་ལམ (rmang lam, “(archaic) dream”))
    • Tamangic

      *ᴬmaŋ, ᴮmaŋ (“(to) dream”) (Mazaudon, 1994)

  • Mahakiranti
    • Kiranti

      /*maŋ/ ("to dream") (Michailovksy, 1991)

• Sal (Brahmaputran):
  • Bodo-Garo
    • Bodo
      • Bodo (India): simang (“dream”)
      • Garo: jumang (“dream”)
      • Kokborok: imang (“dream”)
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho
      • Jingpho [Kachin]: mang, yupmang (“dream”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese

    *s-mak ⪤ s-maŋ (“dream”) (Matisoff, 1972); *s-makᴴ (“dream”) (Matisoff, 2003)

    • Burmish
      • Burmic
        • Burmese: မက် (mak), အိပ်မက် (ipmak, “dream”), မှင် (hmang, “dream (in compounds); composure, poise”) (> မှင်တက်မိ (hmangtakmi.), မှင်မောင်း (hmangmaung:), မှင်သေ (hmangse))
      • Maruic
        • Pela: ja̠p⁵⁵ maʔ⁵⁵
    • Proto-Loloish: *C-makᴴ (“dream”) (Bradley, 1979)
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꂻ (muo, “to dream”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Southern): ꓟꓬꓺ (mjɑ̱, “dream”)
• Proto-Karen: *maŋᴮ (“dream”) (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • S'gaw Karen: မံမီၢ် (mee maw̱, “to dream”), တၢ်မံမီၢ် (ta̱ mee maw̱, “dream”)
  • Western Pwo: မံၫမးဆၧ (“to dream”), ဆၧမံၫမး (“dream”)
  • Western Kayah: ꤥ꤬ꤗꤛꤢꤩ꤭ꤗꤟꤛꤢ (òmyēmhya, “to dream”), ꤒꤟꤢꤧ꤬ꤥ꤬ꤗꤛꤢꤩ꤭ꤗꤟꤛꤢ (tà̤e’òmyēmhya, “dream”)
• Baic
  • Bai: met, ment (“to dream”)

See also

• *r/s-mwəj (“to sleep, to dream”)
• *s-mun (“dark, dim”), *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“dark, dull, misty”) - from which this etymon is derived
• *s-jip ~ s-jup (“to sleep”) - often forms a compound with this root