Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d/s-kəw

This entry contains Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *d-kəw (Chou, 1972); *dkʷjəɣʷ (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d/s-kəw (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *d-kuw (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987)

Numeral

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	*ʔit *kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-(k-)ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	*gip *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*(m-)kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-toŋ

1. nine

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 九 /*kuʔ/ (B-S; ZS)
  • Middle Chinese: 九 /kɨuX/

    →   Japanese:  九 (きゅう, kyū)
          Korean:  구 (九, gu)
          Vietnamese:  cửu

    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 九 (jiǔ, /ʨi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 九 /kɐu³⁵/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 九 /ʨiɜ³⁴/
  • Min
    • Min Nan
      • Taiwan: 九 /kau⁵¹/ (colloquial), /kiu⁵¹/ (literary)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: དགུ (dgu) (“nine”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Written Burmese: ကိုး (kui:) (“nine”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꈬ (ggu) (“nine”)
• Karenic:

  /*/ (Luangthongkum, 2013)

  • Sgaw: ခွံ (khwi) (“nine”)