Proto-Slavic
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Alternative forms
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Etymology
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From *čь + *-to , from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ki , from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (cf. *kʷis ). Cognate with Lithuanian kìtas ( “ another, next ” ) and Latvian cits ( “ other, different ” ) .
*čьto
what (interrogative)
Declension
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Declension of *čьto (pronominal, irregular)
All numbers
Masc./Fem.
Neuter
Nominative
*kъto
*čьto
Accusative
*kъto
*čьto
Genitive
*kogo
*česo
Locative
*komь
*čemь
Dative
*komu
*čemu
Instrumental
*cěmь
*čimь
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Descendants
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East Slavic:
Old East Slavic: чьто ( čĭto )
Old Ruthenian: што ( što ) , що ( ščo ) , счо ( sčo ) , что ( čto )
Belarusian: што ( što ) , чо ( čo ) ( nonstandard, contraction of genitive ) , шо ( šo ) ( nonstandard )
Carpathian Rusyn: што ( što )
Ukrainian: що ( ščo ) , шо ( šo ) ( most western and some dialects of central Ukraine ) , што ( što ) ( some dialects of western Ukraine ) , чо ( čo ) ( nonstandard, contraction of genitive )
Russian: что ( što ) , чё ( čo ) ( nonstandard, contraction of genitive ) , чо ( čo ) ( nonstandard, contraction of genitive ) , шо ( šo ) ( nonstandard )
Old Novgorodian: цьто ( cĭto ) , цето ( ceto ) , цто ( cto ) , чьто ( čĭto ) , что ( čto )
South Slavic:
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: чьто ( čĭto )
Glagolitic: ⱍⱐⱅⱁ ( čĭto )
Bulgarian: що ( što )
Macedonian: што ( što )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ( Štokavian ) што̏ , шта̏ , ( Čakavian ) ча̏ (< *čь )
Latin: ( Štokavian ) štȍ , štȁ , ( Čakavian ) čȁ (< *čь )
West Slavic:
Old Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čso
Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
Old Polish: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) czso , cso
Slovak: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čo
Polabian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) cü
Pomeranian:
Kashubian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
Slovincian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) cô
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
Upper Sorbian: što
Further reading
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Vasmer, Max (1964–1973 ) “что ”, in Oleg Trubachyov , transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress