Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dęsna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *déntsnāˀ, from *dantís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.

Noun

*dę̄snà f

1. gum (soft tissue around the teeth)

Alternative forms

• *dę̄snò
• *dę̄slò

Declension

Declension of *dę̄snà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dę̄snà	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
genitive	*dę̄snỳ	*dę̄snù	*dę̃snъ
dative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmъ
accusative	*dę̄snǫ̀	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ
instrumental	*dę̄snòjǫ, *dę̃snǫ**	*dę̄snàma	*dę̄snàmī
locative	*dę̄sně̀	*dę̄snù	*dę̄snàsъ, *dę̄snàxъ*
vocative	*dęsno	*dę̃sně	*dę̄snỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: дѧсна́ (dęsná)
    • Belarusian: дзясна́ (dzjasná)
    • Russian: десна́ (desná), десла́ (deslá) (Pskov dialect)
    • Ukrainian: я́сна (jásna)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: де́сна (désna) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: де̑сни

    Latin script: dȇsni

  • Slovene: dlesen
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dásno, dásň, dáseň
    • Czech: dáseň
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): dásno
      • Moravian (Mistřice): jásno
  • Kashubian: dąsło, dąsno, dąsna
  • Polabian: ďǫsnă
  • Old Polish: dziąsno
    • Polish: dziąsło
  • Slovak: ďasno
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: dźasno
    • Lower Sorbian: źěsna n pl

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “десна́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress