Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vaditi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Probably causative from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH- (“to utter, to call”), cognate with Sanskrit वादयति (vādayati, “to convince, to make to speak”), Ancient Greek αὐδάω (audáō, “to utter”). Further akin to Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “speech, advice”), वदति (vadati, “to speak, to tell”), Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, “voice”).

Often compared with Lithuanian vadìnti (“to call”) and Latvian vadinât (“to lure”), however, no concensus has been reached if the Slavic verb is related to either of them. Derksen considers it phonologically problematic.

Verb

*vaditi impf

2. (intransitive) to argue, to brawl

   Synonym: *sъporiti

3. (transitive) to scold, to accuse

   Synonyms: *svariti, *koriti

4. (transitive, by extension) to interfere, to hamper (West Slavic)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *vaditi, *vadi, *vaditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vaďenьje	*vaditi	*vaditъ	*vadilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vaďenъ	*vadimъ
Active	*vaďь	*vadę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vadixъ	*vadi	*vadi	*vaďǫ	*vadiši	*vaditь
Dual	*vadixově	*vadista	*vadiste	*vadivě	*vadita	*vadite
Plural	*vadixomъ	*vadiste	*vadišę	*vadimъ	*vadite	*vadętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vaďaaxъ	*vaďaaše	*vaďaaše	—	*vadi	*vadi
Dual	*vaďaaxově	*vaďaašeta	*vaďaašete	*vadivě	*vadita	—
Plural	*vaďaaxomъ	*vaďaašete	*vaďaaxǫ	*vadimъ	*vadite	—

Notes:
• (*)*vadivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Iterative-durative stem: *-vaďati

Derived terms

• *obaditi (< earlier *obvaditi)
• *otъvaditi, *orzvaditi (“to scold, to drive off”)
• *povaditi
• *sъvaditi (“to quarrel”)
• *uvaditi (sę)
• *zavaditi, *zavaďati
• *vada (“argument, quarrel, scuffle”) (action noun)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: вадити (vaditi)
    • Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to slander”) (archaic)
      • ⇒ -ва́дить (-váditʹ)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити ся (vádyty sja, “to argue”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: вадити (vaditi)
  • Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to asperse”) (dialectal)
  • Slovene: váditi (“to report, declare”) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: vadit
  • Kashubian: wadzyc
  • Old Polish: wadzić
    • Polish: wadzić
  • Slovak: vadiť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вадить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вадить V”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 323
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вадя³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 112
• “vadinti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

Etymology 2

Most likely an intensive counter-part of *voditi (“to conduct”) with enlonged grade, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to lead, to conduct”).

Alterantively, akin to Sanskrit वधति (vadhati, “to slay”), Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”), Hittite [script needed] (ḫuett(i)-, “to pull, pluck”) (per BER), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedʰ- (“to pluck, to jerk”).

Verb

*vàditi impf

1. to draw, to tug, to haul
2. (by extension) to pull out, to extract

Conjugation

Conjugation of *vaditi, *vadi, *vaditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vaďenьje	*vaditi	*vaditъ	*vadilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vaďenъ	*vadimъ
Active	*vaďь	*vadę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vadixъ	*vadi	*vadi	*vaďǫ	*vadiši	*vaditь
Dual	*vadixově	*vadista	*vadiste	*vadivě	*vadita	*vadite
Plural	*vadixomъ	*vadiste	*vadišę	*vadimъ	*vadite	*vadętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vaďaaxъ	*vaďaaše	*vaďaaše	—	*vadi	*vadi
Dual	*vaďaaxově	*vaďaašeta	*vaďaašete	*vadivě	*vadita	—
Plural	*vaďaaxomъ	*vaďaašete	*vaďaaxǫ	*vadimъ	*vadite	—

Notes:
• (*)*vadivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Iterative-durative stem: *-vaďati

Derived terms

• *jьzvaditi
• *navaditi
• *povaditi
• *orzvaditi
• *otъvaditi
• *zavaditi
• *vadežь (“extraction”)
• *vadačь (agent noun)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to lure, to deceive; to protract”) (dialectal)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити (vádyty, “to hang”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to extract”) (standard)
  • Macedonian: вади (vadi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ва̏дити

    Latin script: vȁditi

  • Slovene: váditi (“to exercise”) (standard)

Further reading

• Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вадить I, вадить II”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 321
• Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вадить IV”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 322
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вадя¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 111

Etymology 3

Identical with one of the above etymologies, but unclear which.

Has been speculated as the origin of personal name Old East Slavic Вадимъ (Vadimŭ) (whence Russian Вади́м (Vadím), Ukrainian Вади́м (Vadým), Belarusian Вадзі́м (Vadzím)), alternatively viewed as corruption of Old Church Slavonic Владимиръ (Vladimirŭ).

Verb

*vaditi impf (East Slavic)

1. (transitive) to harm, to compel

Conjugation

Conjugation of *vaditi, *vadi, *vaditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vaďenьje	*vaditi	*vaditъ	*vadilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vaďenъ	*vadimъ
Active	*vaďь	*vadę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vadixъ	*vadi	*vadi	*vaďǫ	*vadiši	*vaditь
Dual	*vadixově	*vadista	*vadiste	*vadivě	*vadita	*vadite
Plural	*vadixomъ	*vadiste	*vadišę	*vadimъ	*vadite	*vadętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vaďaaxъ	*vaďaaše	*vaďaaše	—	*vadi	*vadi
Dual	*vaďaaxově	*vaďaašeta	*vaďaašete	*vadivě	*vadita	—
Plural	*vaďaaxomъ	*vaďaašete	*vaďaaxǫ	*vadimъ	*vadite	—

Notes:
• (*)*vadivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *vadъkъ, *vadьlivъ (“harmful”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ва́дзіць (vádzicʹ)
  • >? Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to tame”) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: ва́дити (vádyty), ва́дитися (vádytysja)

Further reading

• Anikin, A. E. (2011) “вадить III”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 322
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “вадити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 318