Citations:Ch'ing

English citations of Ch'ing

• 1969, T'ung-tsu C'hü, Local Government in China Under the Chʻing‎^[1], Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 1:

  In China in the Ch'ing dynasty local government was organized on the same principle at all levels. All administrative units, from the province down to the chou (department) and the hsien (district), which are the focus of our study, were designed and created by the central government which financed their budgets, appointed their officials, and directed and supervised their activities. All local officials, including magistrates of the chou and hsien, were agents of the central government. There was no autonomy in the chou, the hsien, or in the towns and villages that constituted them. In fact, no formal government of any sort existed below the chou and hsien levels.

• 1972, Colin P. Mackerras, The Rise of the Peking Opera 1770-1870 (Correspondence Respecting the Disturbances in China)‎^[2], Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 36:

  It is striking that the Ch'ing government should consider it necessary to place restriction on the performance of drama and to supervise it so closely. One explanation might be that some officials considered theatrical performances during religious celebrations irreverent. But this does not appear to explain the government's reserve adequately, and we should look more carefully at the restrictions and the reasons for them.

• 2003, C.J. Shane, editor, China (The History of Nations)‎^[3], Greenhaven Press, →ISBN, page 67:

  In the west there was the army of the Hsiang, the literary name for Hunan, under the energetic leadership of the Hunanese Tseng Kuo-fan (1811-72), who created a navy for operations on the Yangtze, obtained the moral and material help of the Chinese upper classes and financed the war by issues of paper money and by the new internal toll on commercial traffic, the lichin, instituted by the Ch'ing in 1853.

• 2015, Wan-yao (周婉窈) Chou, “Han Homelands and the Immigrant Settler Society”, in Carole Plackitt, Tim Casey, transl., A New Illustrated History of Taiwan‎^[4], Taipei: SMC Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 87:

  After the Sino-French War of 1883-1885, the Ch’ing court decided to elevate Taiwan from a prefecture (fu) of Fukien Province to a province. Taiwan Province had three fu and one special prefecture (chih-li-chou).