Hung-shan

English

Etymology

From Mandarin 紅山／红山 (Hóngshān) Wade–Giles romanization: Hung²-shan¹.

Proper noun

Hung-shan

1. Alternative form of Hongshan
   • 1971, William Watson, “Neolithic Frontiers in East Asia”, in Cultural Frontiers in Ancient East Asia‎^[1], Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 28:

     If the existence of a plough of some kind is questioned, some distinction must still be made between the tools interpreted as ploughshares and other implements, smaller and more roughly shaped, which have all the appearance of hoes. This ample evidence for agriculture in the Hung-shan neolithic of Manchuria is supplemented by the bones of cattle, sheep, pig and horse, excavated at Hung-shan itself, which attest the advanced animal farming which the geographical environment so clearly favoured.

   • 1998, Mu-chou Poo, “Roots of a Religion of Personal Welfare”, in In Search of Personal Welfare: A View of Ancient Chinese Religion (SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture)‎^[2], State University of New York Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 20–21:

     A similar case could be advanced concerning dragon decorations of the late-neolithic Hung-shan (4000-3000 B.C.) culture in the northeastern province of Liaoning. On both artistic and epigraphic grounds, the dragon design from this culture is seen as having a strong affinity with the later dragon motif of the Shang period.¹⁸ This suggests that aspects of dragon worship in the later era may have existed earlier.¹⁹ It remains, however, only a possibility, as the distance in time and space between Hung-shan culture and Shang is very great.

   • 2001, Chün-fang Yü, “Feminine Forms of Kuan-yin in Late Imperial China”, in Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteśvara‎^[3], New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 409:

     One of the most exciting finds made by Chinese archaeologists within the last twenty years are the sites located in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province, particularly the Neolithic Hung-shan culture (c. 3500-2500 B.C.E.).

   • 2011, Ralph D. Sawyer, Ancient Chinese Warfare‎^[4], Basic Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 491:

     Useful reports include[...]Chang Shao-ch'ing and Hsu Chih-kuo, KK 1992:1, 1-10, reporting on the earlier Hung-shan culture in which the t'ing is yet to appear, including some unusual examples with thicker blade edges that taper to give the appearance of double diamonds stuck together, and a number that display upward indentation or notching.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Hung-shan.

Translations

Hongshan — see Hongshan

Further reading

• Hongshan culture, also spelled Hung-shan culture, in Encyclopædia Britannica