Reconstruction:Latin/torcere

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin edit

Etymology edit

Reassignment of Classical torquēre to the third conjugation.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈtɔrkere/

Verb edit

*torcere (Proto-Romance)

to twist

Reconstruction notes edit

The unrounding of the original (Classical Latin) /kʷ/ presumably started in the new conjugations *torquō (“I twist”) and *torquunt (“they twist”), with the following rounded vowels prompting the regular dissimilation /kʷ/ > /k/. Subsequently, /k/ spread to the other conjugations via analogy.

Derived terms edit

*extorcere
*intorcere
- Aragonese: entorzer
- Old French: entordre
- Romanian: întoarce
- Venetian: intòrxer, intòrxar

Descendants edit

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: toartsiri
- Romanian: toarce
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: torcere
- Sicilian: tòrciri
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: torchere, torciri, trochere, dorchere
North Italian:
- Piedmontese: tòrze
- Venetian: tòrxer, tòrzer, tòrxar
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: tòrcer
- Occitan: tòrcer, torcir
- Old French: tortre, tuertre, tordre
  - French: tordre
  - Norman: teurtre (Jersey)
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: torcer
- Portuguese: torcer
- Spanish: torcer

References edit

Grandgent, Charles Hall (1907) An Introduction to Vulgar Latin (Heath's Modern Language Series), D. C. Heath & Company, page 95
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tŏrquēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 98