Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/tubah

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian edit

Noun edit

*tubah

Derris elliptica (a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish)

Descendants edit

Northwest Formosan
- Saisiyat: tatoba'
- Kulon-Pazeh: tatuba
Southern Formosan
- Nanwang Puyuma: truba
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *tubah
- Philippine
  - Batanic
    - Ibatan: toba
  - Northern Luzon
    - Ilocano: túba
    - Cagayan Valley
      - Isnag: túba
    - Northeastern Luzon
      - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tube
    - Meso-Cordilleran
      - Central Cordilleran
        Kankanaey: tuba
        Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: tūba
        Tuwali Ifugao: tuba
      - Southern Cordilleran
        Ibaloi: toba
        Keley-I Kallahan: tuba
  - Central Luzon
    - Sambalic
      - Abenlen Ayta: tobah
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: tubá
      - Bikol
        Bikol Central: tuba
      - Mansakan
        Mansaka: toba
      - Visayan
        Aklanon: tuba
        Cebuano: tuba
        Romblomanon: tūba
    - Manobo
      - Binukid: tuba
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuva
    - Palawanic
      - Central Palawano: tuba
    - Danao
      - Maranao: towa
      - Iranun: tua
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow: tuba
      - Kaidipang: tubo
  - Kalamian
    - Agutaynen: toba
  - Sangiric
    - Sangir: tuwa
  - Minahasan
    - Tontemboan: tuwa
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabah
    - Ida'an: tubo
    - Bonggi: tuba
  - Southwest sabah
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: tubo
      - Rungus: tuvo
      - Tobilung: tubo
    - Murutic
      - Timugon Murut: tuwo
      - Burusu: tuwo
    - Paitanic
      - Tombonuo: tuwo
  - North Sarawak
    - Bintulu: tuva
    - Berawan–Lower Baram
      - Kiput: tubih
      - Narom: tubeə̯h
      - Miri': tubek
    - Dayic
      - Kelabit: tubeh
      - Sa'ban: bbəh
      - Lun Bawang: tobeh
    - Kenyah
      - Bakung: tuba
      - Penan
        Eastern Penan: tuvah
        Western Penan: tuvah
  - Central Sarawak
    - Melanau–Kajang
      - Melanau
        Central Melanau: tuba
        Kanowit: tuba
      - Kajang
        Sekapan: tuva
        Kajaman: tuvah
        Lahanan: tuvah
    - Punan–Müller-Schwaner
      - Punan
        Punan Tubu: tufoh
        Punan Bah-Biau: tuvo
        Punan Aput: tuvo
        Ukit: tuve
        Bukat: tuvi, tuve
      - Müller-Schwaner Punan
        Hovongan: tuvo
        Kereho: tuwo
        Aoheng: tuvo
- Basap–Barito
  - Basap: tuba
  - East Barito
    - Dusun Witu: tue
    - Ma'anyan: tuwe
  - Mahakam
    - Tunjung: tuwaʔ
  - West Barito
    - Ngaju: tuwe
    - Bakumpai: tuba
- Kayanic
  - Bahau: tufaʔ
  - Busang Kayan: tuvaʔ
- Land Dayak
  - Benyadu-Bekati
    - Benyadu': tubaʔ
    - Bekati': tubaʔ
  - Bidayuh
    - Bau Bidayuh: tuboh
    - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: tubuh
  - Southern Land Dayak
    - Jangkang: tibuh
    - Ribun: tibuh
    - Sanggau: tuba
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Batak
    - Toba Batak: tuba
    - Karo Batak: tuba
  - Simeulue: tufa
  - Nias: tuwa
  - Mentawai: tuba
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Malayic
    - Ibanic
      - Iban: tubai
      - Mualang: tuba
      - Seberuang: tuba
    - Malayan
      - Malay: tuba
        Indonesian: tuba
        → English: tuba
      - Minangkabau: tubo
    - Urak Lawoi': ตูบา (tuba)
  - Bali–Sasak
    - Balinese: tuba
    - Sasak: tua
  - Sundanese: tuwa
  - Madurese: tobbhâ
- Old Javanese: tuba
  - Javanese: tuba
- South Sulawesi
  - Bugis-Tamanic
    - Buginese: tua
  - Makassaric
    - Makasar: tua
  - Northern
    - Toraja-Sa'dan: tua
  - Seko
    - Seko Padang: tuha
- Celebic
  - Tomini–Tolitoli
    - Dampelas: tuba
  - Kaili–Pamona
    - Pamona: tuwa
    - Lindu: tuwa
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Bima: dua
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Sumba–Hawu
      - Kambera: tuwa
    - Western Flores
      - Manggarai–Rembong
        Manggarai: tuwa
        Rembong: tuwa
      - Central Flores
        Ngadha: tuva
  - Central Maluku
    - Asilulu: tuha
    - Buru (Indonesia): tufa
  - Timoric
    - Tetum: tuha
    - Leti (Indonesia): tuwa
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Proto-Oceanic: *tupa

References edit

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *tubah.