Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/injamo

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Etymology

From the root of *inôrô (animate non-collective anaphoric demonstrative pronoun) +‎ *-jamo (collective suffix).

Pronoun

*injamo

1. the animate collective anaphoric demonstrative pronoun; these (aforementioned), these that were just spoken of

Reconstruction notes

It is unclear whether a *-j- should be reconstructed for this term; the palatalized nasals found in some of the descendants could equally well be palatalized by the initial *i-.

Inflection

Proto-Cariban demonstratives

category	inanimate pronoun	animate pronoun
		non-collective	collective
proximal	*(tj)ôrô, *(tj)ônɨ	*môtjô	*môtjamo
medial	*môrô	—	—
distal	*mônɨ	*môkɨ	*môkjamo
anaphoric	*irô	*inôrô	*injamo

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • ⇒ Apalaí: ynaro
  • ⇒ Kari'na: inaron, inaro
  • Proto-Taranoan: *namo(ro)
    • ⇒ Akurio: namoro
    • ⇒ Carijona: namoro
    • Trió: namo, ⇒ namoro
  • ⇒ Wayana: inamolo
• Parukotoan:
  • ⇒ Hixkaryana: nyamoro
  • ⇒ Waiwai: ñešamro
• ⇒ Ye'kwana: ñanno

References

• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[1], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[2], Houston: Rice University, page 186
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[3], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 275
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ñanno”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[4], Lyon, page 122