Proto-Celtic
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Etymology
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Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥dʰ-é-ti, from *keldʰh₁- + *-éti, a tudati present from the reanalyzed *kelh₂- (“to hit, break”) + *-dʰh₁eti.
*kladeti[1][2]
- to stab, dig
Inflection
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Thematic present, suffixless preterite
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Active voice
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Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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1st singular
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*kladū
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*klademam
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*kikladsū
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*keklāda
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2nd singular
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*kladesi
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*kladetās
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*kikladsesi
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*keklādas?
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3rd singular
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*kladeti
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*kladeto
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*kikladseti
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*keklāde
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1st plural
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*kladomosi
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*klademo
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*kikladsomosi
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*keklādmo
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2nd plural
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*kladetesi
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*kladestē
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*kikladsetesi
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*keklāsse
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3rd plural
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*kladonti
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*kladento
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*kikladsonti
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*keklādar
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
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1st singular
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*klādsū
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?
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—
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2nd singular
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*klādsesi
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?
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*klade
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3rd singular
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*klādseti
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?
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*kladetou
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1st plural
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*klādsomosi
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?
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*kladomos
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2nd plural
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*klādsetesi
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?
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*kladete
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3rd plural
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*klādsonti
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?
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*kladontou
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Passive voice
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Present
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Imperfect
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Future
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Preterite
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1st singular
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*kladūr
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—
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*kikladsūr
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—
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2nd singular
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*kladetar
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—
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*kikladsetar
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—
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3rd singular
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*kladetor
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?
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*kikladsetor
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—
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1st plural
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*kladommor
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—
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*kikladsommor
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—
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2nd plural
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*kladedwe
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—
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*kikladsedwe
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—
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3rd plural
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*kladontor
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?
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*kikladsontor
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—
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Pres. subjunctive
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Past subjunctive
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Imperative
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1st singular
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*klādsūr
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—
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—
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2nd singular
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*klādsetar
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—
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—
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3rd singular
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*klādsetor
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—
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—
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1st plural
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*klādsommor
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—
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—
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2nd plural
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*klādsedwe
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—
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—
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3rd plural
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*klādsontor
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—
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—
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Declension of the past participle
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masculine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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nominative
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*klassos
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*klassou
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*klassoi
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vocative
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*klasse
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*klassou
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*klassoi
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accusative
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*klassom
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*klassou
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*klassoms
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genitive
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*klassī
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*klassous
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*klassom
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dative
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*klassūi
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*klassobom
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*klassobos
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instrumental
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*klassū
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*klassobim
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*klassobis
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feminine
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singular
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dual
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plural
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nominative
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*klassā
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*klassai
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*klassās
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vocative
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*klassā
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*klassai
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*klassās
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accusative
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*klassam
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*klassai
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*klassams
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genitive
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*klassās
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*klassous
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*klassom
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dative
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*klassai
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*klassābom
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*klassābos
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instrumental
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*?
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*klassābim
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*klassābis
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neuter
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singular
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dual
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plural
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nominative
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*klassom
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*klassou
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*klassā
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vocative
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*klassom
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*klassou
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*klassā
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accusative
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*klassom
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*klassou
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*klassā
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genitive
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*klassī
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*klassous
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*klassom
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dative
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*klassūi
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*klassobom
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*klassobos
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instrumental
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*klassū
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*klassobim
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*klassobis
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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References
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- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205