Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwerhōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *þwerhaz (“cross, adverse”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈθwer.xɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*þwerhōną

to make crosswise
to move across

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *þwerhōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þwerhō	*þwerhǭ	—	*þwerhōi	?
2nd singular	*þwerhōsi	*þwerhōs	*þwerhō	*þwerhōsai	*þwerhōsau
3rd singular	*þwerhōþi	*þwerhō	*þwerhōþau	*þwerhōþai	*þwerhōþau
1st dual	*þwerhōs	*þwerhōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þwerhōþiz	*þwerhōþiz	*þwerhōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þwerhōmaz	*þwerhōm	—	*þwerhōnþai	*þwerhōnþau
2nd plural	*þwerhōþ	*þwerhōþ	*þwerhōþ	*þwerhōnþai	*þwerhōnþau
3rd plural	*þwerhōnþi	*þwerhōn	*þwerhōnþau	*þwerhōnþai	*þwerhōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þwerhōdǭ	*þwerhōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*þwerhōdēz	*þwerhōdēdīz
3rd singular	*þwerhōdē	*þwerhōdēdī
1st dual	*þwerhōdēdū	*þwerhōdēdīw
2nd dual	*þwerhōdēdudiz	*þwerhōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*þwerhōdēdum	*þwerhōdēdīm
2nd plural	*þwerhōdēdud	*þwerhōdēdīd
3rd plural	*þwerhōdēdun	*þwerhōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þwerhōndz	*þwerhōdaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *þwerhōn
- Old English: þweorian, þwȳrian
  - Middle English: thwiren
- Old Saxon: *þwerhōn
  - Middle Low German: dwēren
- Old High German: *dwerahōn
  - Middle High German: twerhen, zwerchen
    - German: queren
Old Norse: *þvera, þverast
- Icelandic: þvera
- Swedish: tvära