Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dungō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰḿ̥ǵʰ-, metathesized from *dʰǵʰḿ̥-, from *dʰéǵʰ-ōm ~ *dʰǵʰ-més (“earth”). Possibly cognate with Latvian dañga (“rut, corner, piece of land that is surrounded by water or marshlands on three sides, bay”). Often citied as being related to Proto-Germanic *dungz (“cellar”), from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), however this seems semantically dubious.

Noun

*dungō f

1. earth, dirt
2. dung, manure

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *dungō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dungō	*dungôz
vocative	*dungō	*dungôz
accusative	*dungǭ	*dungōz
genitive	*dungōz	*dungǫ̂
dative	*dungōi	*dungōmaz
instrumental	*dungō	*dungōmiz

Derived terms

• *dungijǭ

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dungu
  • Old English: dung, ding
    • Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge
      • English: dung
      • Scots: dung
  • Old Frisian: dung
    • North Frisian: dong
    • West Frisian: dong
  • Old Dutch: *dunga
    • Middle Dutch: donge
      • Dutch: dong
  • Old High German: tunga
    • Middle High German: tunge