Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frustāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frustaz (“frost”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸrus.tɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*frustāną

1. to become frosty, to freeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *frustāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frustō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*frustaisi	?	*frustai	*frustāsai	?
3rd singular	*frustaiþi	?	*frustāþau	*frustāþai	?
1st dual	*frustōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*frustāþiz	?	*frustāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*frustāmaz	?	—	*frustānþai	?
2nd plural	*frustaiþ	?	*frustaiþ	*frustānþai	?
3rd plural	*frustānþi	?	*frustānþau	*frustānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frustadǭ	*frustadēdį̄
2nd singular	*frustadēz	*frustadēdīz
3rd singular	*frustadē	*frustadēdī
1st dual	*frustadēdū	*frustadēdīw
2nd dual	*frustadēdudiz	*frustadēdīdiz
1st plural	*frustadēdum	*frustadēdīm
2nd plural	*frustadēdud	*frustadēdīd
3rd plural	*frustadēdun	*frustadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*frustāndz	*frustadaz

Related terms

• *freusaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frostēn
  • Old Frisian: frostia
  • Old Dutch: *froston
    • Middle Dutch: vorsten
      • Dutch: vorsten
  • Old High German: *frostēn
    • ⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn
    • Middle High German: vrosten
      • German: frosten
• Old Norse: frosta
  • Icelandic: frosta