Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

An iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to sound”), closely related to the strong verb *hlimmaną.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈxlam.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*hlammōną^[1]^[2]

to sound, to rumble, to roar

Inflection edit

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlamm- against *hlam-.

Conjugation of *hlammōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hlammō	*hlammǭ	—	*hlammōi	?
2nd singular	*hlammōsi	*hlammōs	*hlammō	*hlammōsai	*hlammōsau
3rd singular	*hlammōþi	*hlammō	*hlammōþau	*hlammōþai	*hlammōþau
1st dual	*hlammōs	*hlammōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlammōþiz	*hlammōþiz	*hlammōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlammōmaz	*hlammōm	—	*hlammōnþai	*hlammōnþau
2nd plural	*hlammōþ	*hlammōþ	*hlammōþ	*hlammōnþai	*hlammōnþau
3rd plural	*hlammōnþi	*hlammōn	*hlammōnþau	*hlammōnþai	*hlammōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hlammōdǭ	*hlammōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hlammōdēz	*hlammōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hlammōdē	*hlammōdēdī
1st dual	*hlammōdēdū	*hlammōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hlammōdēdudiz	*hlammōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hlammōdēdum	*hlammōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hlammōdēdud	*hlammōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hlammōdēdun	*hlammōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hlammōndz	*hlammōdaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *hlamōn
- Old Saxon: hlamōn
- Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn
Old Norse: hlamma
- Icelandic: hlamma

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 199, *hlam(m)ōn-
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xlam(m)ōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 199, *hlam(m)ōn-

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xlam(m)ōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174

[1]

[2]