Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krappōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰ-néh₂-ti

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrap.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krappōną

1. to scratch
2. to crawl

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krapp- against non-singular *krab-.

Conjugation of *krappōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krappō	*krappǭ	—	*krappōi	?
2nd singular	*krappōsi	*krappōs	*krappō	*krappōsai	*krappōsau
3rd singular	*krappōþi	*krappō	*krappōþau	*krappōþai	*krappōþau
1st dual	*krappōs	*krappōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krappōþiz	*krappōþiz	*krappōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*krappōmaz	*krappōm	—	*krappōnþai	*krappōnþau
2nd plural	*krappōþ	*krappōþ	*krappōþ	*krappōnþai	*krappōnþau
3rd plural	*krappōnþi	*krappōn	*krappōnþau	*krappōnþai	*krappōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*krappōdǭ	*krappōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*krappōdēz	*krappōdēdīz
3rd singular	*krappōdē	*krappōdēdī
1st dual	*krappōdēdū	*krappōdēdīw
2nd dual	*krappōdēdudiz	*krappōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*krappōdēdum	*krappōdēdīm
2nd plural	*krappōdēdud	*krappōdēdīd
3rd plural	*krappōdēdun	*krappōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*krappōndz	*krappōdaz

Derived terms

• *krabblōną

Related terms

• *krabbô
• *krabitaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *krabōn
  • Old Saxon: *krabbōn
    • Middle Low German: krabben
      • → Norwegian:

        → Norwegian Nynorsk: krabba

      • → Swedish: krabba
      • → Danish: krabbe
  • Old Dutch: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *kravōn
    • Middle Dutch: krappen, krabben, *kraven
      • Dutch: krappen, krabben, kraven (dialectal)
  • Old High German: *krapfōn (only attested in the past participle 'gikrapfōt'), *krappōn, *krabōn
    • Middle High German: krapfen, *krappen, *kraben
      • German: krappen, kraben