Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwellaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip, stream”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip, ooze”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈkwel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*kwellaną^[1]

to well
to gush, stream

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *kwellaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwellō	*kwellaų	—	*kwellai	?
2nd singular	*kwillizi	*kwellaiz	*kwell	*kwellazai	*kwellaizau
3rd singular	*kwillidi	*kwellai	*kwelladau	*kwelladai	*kwellaidau
1st dual	*kwellōz	*kwellaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwelladiz	*kwellaidiz	*kwelladiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwellamaz	*kwellaim	—	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau
2nd plural	*kwillid	*kwellaid	*kwillid	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau
3rd plural	*kwellandi	*kwellain	*kwellandau	*kwellandai	*kwellaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwall	*kullį̄
2nd singular	*kwallt	*kullīz
3rd singular	*kwall	*kullī
1st dual	*kullū	*kullīw
2nd dual	*kulludiz	*kullīdiz
1st plural	*kullum	*kullīm
2nd plural	*kullud	*kullīd
3rd plural	*kullun	*kullīn

	present	past
participles	*kwellandz	*kullanaz

Related terms edit

*kwellǭ

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan, *kwalljan
- Old Saxon: quellan
  - Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
    - → Swedish: kvälla
- Old Dutch: *quellan
  - Middle Dutch: quellen
    - Dutch: quellen (archaic)
- Old High German: kwellan, quellan
  - Middle High German: quëllen, quallen
    - German: quellen
  - ⇒ Old High German: ubarkwellan, ubarquellan

References edit

^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[1]