Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeuhaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *skuhuz, (earlier) *skuhwuz
• *skuguz, (earlier) *skugwuz; *skugwijaz (North Germanic)

Etymology

Further origin unknown; assumed to be from pre-Germanic *skéwkos. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, *skūbʰ- (“to push, drive, move forward”) or *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskeu̯.xɑz/

Adjective

*skeuhaz

1. frightened
2. shy; timid; bashful; coy; reserved; cautious
3. abominable; odious; loathsome; vile

Inflection

Declension of *skeuhaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skeuhaz	*skeuhai	*skeuhō	*skeuhôz	*skeuhą, -atō	*skeuhō
Accusative	*skeuhanǭ	*skeuhanz	*skeuhǭ	*skeuhōz	*skeuhą, -atō	*skeuhō
Genitive	*skeuhas, -is	*skeuhaizǫ̂	*skeuhaizōz	*skeuhaizǫ̂	*skeuhas, -is	*skeuhaizǫ̂
Dative	*skeuhammai	*skeuhaimaz	*skeuhaizōi	*skeuhaimaz	*skeuhammai	*skeuhaimaz
Instrumental	*skeuhanō	*skeuhaimiz	*skeuhaizō	*skeuhaimiz	*skeuhanō	*skeuhaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skeuhô	*skeuhaniz	*skeuhǭ	*skeuhōniz	*skeuhô	*skeuhōnō
Accusative	*skeuhanų	*skeuhanunz	*skeuhōnų	*skeuhōnunz	*skeuhô	*skeuhōnō
Genitive	*skeuhiniz	*skeuhanǫ̂	*skeuhōniz	*skeuhōnǫ̂	*skeuhiniz	*skeuhanǫ̂
Dative	*skeuhini	*skeuhammaz	*skeuhōni	*skeuhōmaz	*skeuhini	*skeuhammaz
Instrumental	*skeuhinē	*skeuhammiz	*skeuhōnē	*skeuhōmiz	*skeuhinē	*skeuhammiz

Derived terms

• *skiuhijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skeuh
  • Old English: sċēoh
    • Middle English: sceouh, skey, schey
      • English: shy
      • Scots: skeich, skiech, skick
  • Old Frisian: *skiāch, *skiā
    • Saterland Frisian: skjou
    • West Frisian: skou
  • Old High German: *skioh
    • Middle High German: schiech, schiehe, schie
      • Bavarian: schiach
      • German: schiech, schiach, schirch (dialectal)
  • → Old French: eschif, eschiu
    • → Italian: schifo
    • → Middle English: escheu, eschew
• Old Norse: *skyggr (< *skugjaz)
  • Norwegian: skygg (dialectal)
  • Swedish: skygg
• Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍃 (*skiuhs)
  • → Catalan: esquiu
  • → Old Galician-Portuguese: esquivo
    • Galician: esquivo, esquío
    • Portuguese: esquivo
• → Proto-Finnic: *keühä (see there for further descendants)