Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *swīkwijaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”).

Verb

*swīkwaną

1. to move out of the way; dodge; swerve; avoid; shun
2. to stand (someone) up; betray
3. to defraud; cheat

Inflection

Conjugation of *swīkwaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swīkwō	*swīkwaų	—	*swīkwai	?
2nd singular	*swīkwizi	*swīkwaiz	*swīkw	*swīkwazai	*swīkwaizau
3rd singular	*swīkwidi	*swīkwai	*swīkwadau	*swīkwadai	*swīkwaidau
1st dual	*swīkwōz	*swīkwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swīkwadiz	*swīkwaidiz	*swīkwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swīkwamaz	*swīkwaim	—	*swīkwandai	*swīkwaindau
2nd plural	*swīkwid	*swīkwaid	*swīkwid	*swīkwandai	*swīkwaindau
3rd plural	*swīkwandi	*swīkwain	*swīkwandau	*swīkwandai	*swīkwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swaikw	*swikwį̄
2nd singular	*swaiht	*swikwīz
3rd singular	*swaikw	*swikwī
1st dual	*swikwū	*swikwīw
2nd dual	*swikwudiz	*swikwīdiz
1st plural	*swikwum	*swikwīm
2nd plural	*swikwud	*swikwīd
3rd plural	*swikwun	*swikwīn
	present	past
participles	*swīkwandz	*swikwanaz

Derived terms

• *swikiz
• *swiką

Related terms

• *swikōną
• *swikulaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swīkwan
  • Old English: swīcan
    • Middle English: swiken
      • Scots: swike, swyk
      • English: swike
  • Old Frisian: swīka
  • Old Saxon: swīkan
    • Middle Low German: swīken
  • Old Dutch: *swīcan
    • Middle Dutch: swiken
      • Dutch: zwijken
      • Limburgish: zwieke
  • Old High German: swīhhan, swīchan
    • Middle High German: swīchen
• Old Norse: svíkja, svíkva; sýkva
  • Icelandic: svíkja
  • Faroese: svíkja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: svika, svike
  • Old Swedish: svīkia
    • Swedish: svika
  • Danish: svige