Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*bʰrem-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to make noise

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrem-‎ (10 c, 0 e)

*bʰrém-e-ti (thematic root present)^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *bremeti
  - Proto-Brythonic: *brėβ̃ɨd
    - Middle Welsh: brefu, brefad
  - Gaulish: Bremia, Bremenium
- Proto-Germanic: *bremaną (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *brummōną (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰrámati (unless =*bʰrámHati; the root is uncertain^[8])
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰrámati
    - Sanskrit: भ्रमति (bhrámati, “to wander, rove, ramble”)^[9]
  - Proto-Iranian: *brámati
    - Parthian: 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1sg.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫖 (brmʾm, 1pl.pres.ind.), 𐫁𐫡𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫅 (brmynd, 3pl.pres.ind.)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (blʾmynd /⁠brāmēnd⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
- Proto-Italic: *fremō
  - Latin: fremō
*bʰr̥m-éh₁ye-ti
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *brьměti
    - West Slavic:
      - Polish: brzmieć
*bʰrém-ti-s ~ *bʰrm̥-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *brumþiz
*bʰrōm-is
- Proto-Germanic: *brōmiz
*bʰrem-onts
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰramants (or *bʰrámHants; cf. *bʰrám(H)ati above)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰramants
    - Sanskrit: भ्रमत् (bhramat, “wandering about, roaming”)^[9]
*bʰŕ̥m-gos
- >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ngas
  - >? Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰŕ̥ngas
    - Sanskrit: भृङ्ग (bhṛ́ṅga, “a species of large black bee, the humble bee”)^[9]

References edit

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bherem-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 142-143
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰrem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 94
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brem-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “bram”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 24-25
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*bramH ?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 769/3.

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bherem-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 142-143

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰrem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 94

[Ringe_2006-3] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brem-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[5] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*breman- ~ *brimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “bram”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 24-25

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 241

[8] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*bramH ?”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[MW-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/bʰrem-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 769/3.

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