Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*nebʰ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

to become damp, cloudy

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nebʰ-‎ (9 c, 0 e)

*nébʰ-eti ~ *nébʰ-onti (thematic imperfective)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *népʰō
  - Ancient Greek: σῠννέφει (sunnéphei), σῠννέφω (sunnéphō)
*ne-nóbʰ-e ~ *ne-mbʰ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *nenopʰa
  - Ancient Greek: σῠννένοφᾰ (sunnénopha)
*nébʰ-o-s (see there for further descendants)
*nebʰ-e-lo-s
- Proto-Germanic: *nebulō^[4], *nebulaz^[4], *nebalaz^[5] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *nepʰélā^[6]
  - Ancient Greek: νεφέλη (nephélē)
- Proto-Italic: *neβelā^[7]
  - Latin: nebula (see there for further descendants)
*n̥bʰ-ró-s (see there for further descendants)
*n̥bʰ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nabʰtás
  - Proto-Iranian: *nabtás
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀 (napta, “moist, wet”)
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (nβdk), [script needed] (nβc), [script needed] (nβdc)
    - Parthian: 𐫗𐫜𐫤 (nft)
    - Pashto: [script needed] (nūnd), [script needed] (nūmd)
    - Old Persian: *naftah (“moist, wet”)
    - Sogdian:
      Christian: ܢܒܬܐܟ, ܢܒܬܟ
      
      Manichaean: Sogdian: 𐫗𐫂𐫎𐫏𐫏 (nβṯyy), 𐫗𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫏 (nβtyy)
(possibly) *nébʰ-tu-s
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: Neptūnus

References edit

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “enebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 315-316
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *nebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 448
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “nevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nebala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεφέλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nebula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nab”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 276

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “enebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 315-316

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *nebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 448

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504

[Philippa-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “nevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[Kroonen-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nebala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386

[Beekes-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νεφέλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012

[DV-7] 7.0 ^7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nebula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404

[8] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nab”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 276

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