Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hajáhram

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram.

Numeral

*hajáhram

1. one thousand

Derived terms

• *hajáhrakah (“one thousand years, Millennium”)
  • Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)

    Central Kurdish: هەزارە (hezare /⁠hazāra⁠/), حەزارە (ḧezare /⁠ḥazāra⁠/)

    Northern Kurdish: hezare (/⁠hazāra⁠/), hizare (/⁠hizāra⁠/)

  • Middle Persian: (/⁠hazārag⁠/)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾlk')

    Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (hazāra)

    • → Old Armenian: հազարեակ (hazareak)
    • Classical Persian: هزاره (hazāra)

      Dari: هزاره (hazāra)

      Iranian Persian: هزاره (hezāre)

      Tajik: ҳазора (hazora)

      • → Pashto: هزاره (hazāra)
• *hajáhra-pátiš (“the commander of thousand men, Chiliarch”)
  • Parthian: (/⁠hazārpet⁠/)

    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭆𐭓𐭅𐭐𐭕 (ḥzrwpt)

    • → Old Armenian: հազարապետ (hazarapet)
      • → Georgian: ჰაზარაპეტი (hazaraṗeṭi)
    • → Ancient Greek: ἀζαραπατεῖς (azarapateîs)
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠hazārbed⁠/)

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭦𐭠𐭫𐭥𐭯𐭲 (ḥzʾlwpt)

    • Classical Persian: هزاربد (hazārbud)

      Iranian Persian: هزاربد (hezārbod)

    • → Ancient Greek: ἀζαβαρίτης (azabarítēs)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܗܙܪܦܬ (hzrpt /⁠hzārpat⁠/)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀 (hazaŋra)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *hazā́hrā
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ysāra-)
    • Old Ossetic: *æzræ, *æzæræ
      • Ossetian: ӕрзӕ (ærzæ)
      • → Hungarian: ezer
  • Sodgo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: υαζαρο (uazaro /⁠hazār⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: هزار (hzʾr /⁠*hazār⁠/)
    • Sogdian: (/⁠zār⁠/)

      Sogdian script: [script needed] (ILPW)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫡 (zʾr), 𐫉𐫀𐫀𐫡 (zʾʾr)

      Syriac script: ܙܐܪ (zʾr)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri: آزار (āzār), زار (zār)
  • Pashto: زر (zër)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: ہزار (hazár)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: ھەزار (hezar /⁠hazār⁠/), حه‌زار (ḧezar /⁠ḥazār⁠/)

    Northern Kurdish: hezar (/⁠hazār⁠/), hazar (/⁠hāzār⁠/), hizar (/⁠hizār⁠/)

    Southern Kurdish: هِزار (hizar /⁠hizār⁠/)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *hazáhram
    • Caspian:
      • Old Mazanderani: هزار (hazār)
        • Mazanderani: هزار (hëzār)
      • Gilaki: هزار (hizår), هزر (hezar)
    • Parthian: (/⁠hazār⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭐𐭉𐭍 (ALPYN)

      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡 (hzʾr)

      • → Old Armenian: հազար (hazar)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠hazār⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡 (hzʾr)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾl)

        Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭 (hazār)

        • Classical Persian: هزار (hazār)

          Iranian Persian: هزار (hezâr), زار (zâr) (see there for further descendants)

          Dari: هزار (hazâr)

          Tajik: ҳазор (hazor)

          • → Yagnobi: ҳазор (hazor)

    • Zaza- Gorani:
      • Gurani: ھەزار (hezar /⁠hazār⁠/)
      • Zazaki: henzar (/⁠hanzār⁠/), hezar (/⁠hazār⁠/), xezar (/⁠xazār⁠/)
• → Crimean Gothic: hazer