Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/lapt-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic edit

Etymology edit

Compare Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps.

Noun edit

*lapt- m

turnip, rape

Inflection edit

Declension of *lapt-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*laptum

*laptāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*laptim

*laptayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*laptam

possessive forms

1st person

*laptī / *laptVya

—

*laptVni

2nd person m

*laptVka

*laptVkumā / *laptVkumay

*laptVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*laptVki

*laptVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*laptVšu

*laptVšumā / *laptVšumay

*laptVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*laptVša

*laptVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *laptuya for nom. case, *laptiya for gen. case, *laptaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *lapt-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*laptuka	*laptāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*laptika	*laptayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*laptaka	*laptayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *lapt-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*laptuki	*laptāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*laptiki	*laptayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*laptaki	*laptayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants edit

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒇻𒊬 (laptum, liptum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: لِفْت (lift)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: לַפְתָּא (lap̄tā) and לֶפְתָּא (lep̄tā) / לֶיפְתָּא (lep̄tā) and לִפְתָּא (lip̄tā) / לִיפְתָּא (lip̄tā), absolute state לְפֶת (lp̄eṯ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܠܰܦܬܳܐ (lap̄tā) and ܠܶܦܬܳܐ (lep̄tā), absolute state ܠܦܶܬ (lp̄eṯ)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: לֶפֶת (léfet, lép̄eṯ)