Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/purḡūṯ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic edit

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *pVrɣVč- (“flea, grasshopper, louse”). Dubiously connected by Dillmann to Ge'ez አንፈርዐጸ (ʾänfärʿäṣä, “to prance, to leap”). Compare also Proto-Turkic *bürge, *bürče and Proto-Indo-European *plúsis.

Noun edit

*purḡūṯ- m

flea

Inflection edit

Declension of *purḡūṯ-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*purḡūṯum

*purḡūṯāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*purḡūṯim

*purḡūṯayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*purḡūṯam

possessive forms

1st person

*purḡūṯī / *purḡūṯVya

—

*purḡūṯVni

2nd person m

*purḡūṯVka

*purḡūṯVkumā / *purḡūṯVkumay

*purḡūṯVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*purḡūṯVki

*purḡūṯVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*purḡūṯVšu

*purḡūṯVšumā / *purḡūṯVšumay

*purḡūṯVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*purḡūṯVša

*purḡūṯVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *purḡūṯuya for nom. case, *purḡūṯiya for gen. case, *purḡūṯaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *purḡūṯ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*purḡūṯuka	*purḡūṯāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*purḡūṯika	*purḡūṯayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*purḡūṯaka	*purḡūṯayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *purḡūṯ-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*purḡūṯuki	*purḡūṯāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*purḡūṯiki	*purḡūṯayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*purḡūṯaki	*purḡūṯayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants edit

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄴 (piršaʾum, perʾāšum, purʾušum, peršāʾum, puršāʾum)
- Eblaite: 𒁓𒄩𒋧 (pur-ḫa-šúm)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بُرْغُوث (burḡūṯ)
    - Gulf Arabic: برغوث (barḡūṯ)
    - Maltese: bergħud
    - Moroccan Arabic: برغوت (barḡūt)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Classical Syriac: ܦܾ݁ܘܪܬܱ݁ܥܢܳܐ (purtaʿnā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: פַּרְעוֹשׁ (par'ósh, parʿôš)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎔𐎗𐎙𐎘 (prġṯ) (in a proper name)

References edit

Dillmann, August (1865) “አንፈርዐጸ”, in Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 1354
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 212
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, page 246
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 165
Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, page 84