Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Likely *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) +‎ *-ina, by the plant’s preference for wet, muddy places to grow.

Noun edit

*kalina f

snowball tree (Viburnum spp., especially Viburnum opulus)

Declension edit

Declension of *kalina (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalina	*kalině	*kaliny
genitive	*kaliny	*kalinu	*kalinъ
dative	*kalině	*kalinama	*kalinamъ
accusative	*kalinǫ	*kalině	*kaliny
instrumental	kalinojǫ, kalinǫ^**	*kalinama	*kalinami
locative	*kalině	*kalinu	kalinasъ, kalinaxъ^*
vocative	*kalino	*kalině	*kaliny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: калина (kalina)
  - Old Ruthenian: кали́на (kalína)
    - Belarusian: калі́на (kalína)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: кали́на (kalýna)
    - Ukrainian: кали́на (kalýna)
  - Russian: кали́на (kalína)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: кали́на (kalína), къли́на (kǎlína) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: калина (kalina)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ка̀лина
  
  Latin script: kàlina
- Slovene: kalína
West Slavic:
- Czech: kalina
- Kashubian: kalëna
- Polish: kalina
- Slovak: kalina
- Slovincian: kalëna
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kalina
  - Upper Sorbian: kalena