Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ryti
Proto-Slavic edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”), Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”). Further connections:
- Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
- Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of the term.
Verb edit
*rỳti impf[1]
- to dig
Inflection edit
Conjugation of *ryti, *ry, *ryjetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*rytьje | *ryti | *rytъ | *rylъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *rytъ | *ryjemъ |
Active | *ryvъ | *ryję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *ryxъ | *ry | *ry | *ryjǫ | *ryješi | *ryjetь |
Dual | *ryxově | *rysta | *ryste | *ryjevě | *ryjeta | *ryjete |
Plural | *ryxomъ | *ryste | *ryšę | *ryjemъ | *ryjete | *ryjǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *ryjaaxъ | *ryjaaše | *ryjaaše | — | *ryji | *ryji |
Dual | *ryjaaxově | *ryjaašeta | *ryjaašete | *ryjivě | *ryjita | — |
Plural | *ryjaaxomъ | *ryjaašete | *ryjaaxǫ | *ryjimъ | *ryjite | — |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading edit
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “рыть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 131
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рыть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References edit
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rỳti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 442: “v. (a) ‘dig, root’”