Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tępati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely onomatopoeic (Preobražensky). Perhaps from p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to stun, to thunder”) or via nasal infix from the root of *tepti.

In either case, should be distinguished from Proto-Balto-Slavic *témptei (“to pull, to stretch”) (whence Latvian stiept, Lithuanian tem̃pti, Proto-Slavic *tętiva (“tendon”)). The later, however, could be the origin of Russian тям (tjam, “grasp, intelligence”), Ukrainian тя́ма (tjáma, “id.”) (via suffixes *-mъ, *-ma), which have been speculated to bear relation with the onomatopoeic root.

Verb

*tępati impf

1. to smack, to clang, to ding (to make resonant noise)

   Synonyms: *čukati, *ťukati, *xlopati

2. (by extension) to hack with a tool

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tępati, *tępa, *tępajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tępanьje	*tępati	*tępatъ	*tępalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tępanъ	*tępajemъ
Active	*tępavъ	*tępaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tępaxъ	*tępa	*tępa	*tępajǫ	*tępaješi	*tępajetь
Dual	*tępaxově	*tępasta	*tępaste	*tępajevě	*tępajeta	*tępajete
Plural	*tępaxomъ	*tępaste	*tępašę	*tępajemъ	*tępajete	*tępajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tępaaxъ	*tępaaše	*tępaaše	—	*tępaji	*tępaji
Dual	*tępaaxově	*tępaašeta	*tępaašete	*tępajivě	*tępajita	—
Plural	*tępaaxomъ	*tępaašete	*tępaaxǫ	*tępajimъ	*tępajite	—

Derived terms

• *tępъkъ (descriptive adjective)

Related terms

• *tupati (“to beat, to drum”)
• *tǫpъ (“stupid, blunt”)
• *stonъ (“groan”) (possibly)
  • *stǫkati (“to groan, to clatter”)
  • *stǫgonъ (“moan”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ця́паць (cjápacʹ)
  • Russian: тя́пать (tjápatʹ), тя́паться (tjápatʹsja)
    • ⇒ Russian: тя́пка (tjápka, “hoe”)
  • Ukrainian: тя́пати (tjápaty)
• South Slavic:
  • >? Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam), те́пкам (tépkam, “to stutter”) (dialectal)
  • >? Serbo-Croatian: (in the sense “to talk abstrusely, to babble”)

    Cyrillic script: те̏пати

    Latin script: tȅpati

• West Slavic:
  • Czech: ťapit (dialectal)
  • Polish: ciapać (via East Slavic or from Czech-Slovak)
  • Slovak: ťapkať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тяпать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тям”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “тяпати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 701
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “тепам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 949