Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tiskati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, the Proto-Indo-European root is reconstructible as *teyH- or *teh₁y-, but neither of them can be clearly linked to non-Slavic words. The PIE suffix *-sk- is also present. Per Vasmer and Chernykh, possibly related to *těsto (“dough”), which may be connected with Old Irish tóis-renn, táis (“dough”), Old English þǣsma (“leaven”).

Verb

*tìskati

1. to press, to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiščetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tiskanьje	*tiskati	*tiskatъ	*tiskalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tiskanъ	*tiščemъ
Active	*tiskavъ	*tiščę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaxъ	*tiska	*tiska	*tiščǫ	*tiščeši	*tiščetь
Dual	*tiskaxově	*tiskasta	*tiskaste	*tiščevě	*tiščeta	*tiščete
Plural	*tiskaxomъ	*tiskaste	*tiskašę	*tiščemъ	*tiščete	*tiščǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaaxъ	*tiskaaše	*tiskaaše	—	*tišči	*tišči
Dual	*tiskaaxově	*tiskaašeta	*tiskaašete	*tiščivě	*tiščita	—
Plural	*tiskaaxomъ	*tiskaašete	*tiskaaxǫ	*tiščimъ	*tiščite	—

Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiskajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tiskanьje	*tiskati	*tiskatъ	*tiskalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tiskanъ	*tiskajemъ
Active	*tiskavъ	*tiskaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaxъ	*tiska	*tiska	*tiskajǫ	*tiskaješi	*tiskajetь
Dual	*tiskaxově	*tiskasta	*tiskaste	*tiskajevě	*tiskajeta	*tiskajete
Plural	*tiskaxomъ	*tiskaste	*tiskašę	*tiskajemъ	*tiskajete	*tiskajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tiskaaxъ	*tiskaaše	*tiskaaše	—	*tiskaji	*tiskaji
Dual	*tiskaaxově	*tiskaašeta	*tiskaašete	*tiskajivě	*tiskajita	—
Plural	*tiskaaxomъ	*tiskaašete	*tiskaaxǫ	*tiskajimъ	*tiskajite	—

Related terms

• *těsnъ (“narrow”)
• *tisnǫti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ці́скаць (cískacʹ)
  • Russian: ти́скать (tískatʹ), 1sg. ти́скаю (tískaju)
  • Ukrainian: ти́скати (týskaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: тискати (tiskati)

    Glagolitic script: ⱅⰻⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (tiskati)

  • Bulgarian: сти́скам (stískam)
  • Macedonian: тиска (tiska, “to crowd”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ти̏скати

    Latin script: tȉskati

  • Slovene: tískati (“to press, to print”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tískam (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: ciskać (“to hurl”), uciskać (“to press, to squeeze”)
  • Slovak: tískať, tiskať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: ćiskać (“to move, to press”)
    • Lower Sorbian: śiskaś (“to move, to press”)

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ти́скать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 245
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tìskati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 494
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ти́скать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress