Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/boĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *boĺč (see Hungarian descendants)
• *boĺča (or with another end-vowel; see Chuvash descendant; addition of an end vowel is, however, a late and regular characteristic of Volga-Kipchak borrowings into Chuvash according to Ščerbak)
• *bōĺ(č) (see the long vowel in Karakhanid and Old Uighur)

Adjective

*boĺ

1. empty

   Antonym: *tōl-

2. free

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • ⇒? Hungarian: búcsú (“farewell”)
  • >? Hungarian: *bocs- ('to excuse, forgive')
    • ⇒ Hungarian: bocsánik
      • ⇒ Hungarian: bocsánat
• Common Turkic: *boš, *bōš, *poš (according to Ščerbak)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: bôş
• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *boš
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boş)
      • Azerbaijani: boş
        • → Lezgi: буш (buš)
      • Ottoman Turkish: بوش (boş)
        • Gagauz: boş
        • Turkish: boş
        • → Albanian: bosh
        • → Arabic: بوش (bōš) (in the dialects of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia)
        • → Armenian: բոշ (boš)
        • → English: bosh
        • → Macedonian: бош (boš)
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: бо̏ш

          Latin script: bȍš

    • Turkmen: boş
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: بُشْ (boš), بُوشْ (boš)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (boš)
      • Chagatai: بوش (boš)
        • Uzbek: boʻsh
        • Uyghur: بوش (bosh)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: بش (boš)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: буш (buş)
      • Tatar: буш (buş)
      • → Chuvash: пушӑ (puš̬ă) (unless the Proto-Turkic form really had a final vowel, in which case inherited directly thence)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: boş
      • Karachay-Balkar: бош (boş)
      • Krymchak: бош (boş)
      • Kumyk: бош (boş)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бос (bos)
        • Karakalpak: бос
        • Nogai: бос (bos)
      • East Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: бош (boş)
        • Southern Altai: бош (boš)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (boš)
  • North Siberian
    • Yakut: босхо (bosqo)
      • Dolgan: боско
  • South Siberian
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: бош (boş)
    • Yenisei
      • Shor: пош

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 376
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 82
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) “бош”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 203-204
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*boĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 330