Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marhaskalk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *marh (“horse”) +‎ *skalk (“retainer”). For the semantic development, compare Chinese 司馬 (MC si maeX, literally “master of the horse”).

Noun edit

*marhaskalk m

a groom (attendant who looks after a horse)
high commander or official

Inflection edit

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*marhaskalk
Genitive	*marhaskalkas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*marhaskalk	marhaskalkō, marhaskalkōs
Accusative	*marhaskalk	*marhaskalkā
Genitive	*marhaskalkas	*marhaskalkō
Dative	*marhaskalkē	*marhaskalkum
Instrumental	*marhaskalku	*marhaskalkum

Descendants edit

Old Saxon: maraskalk, marahscalc
- Middle Low German: marschalk, marschallik
  - → Icelandic: marskálkur
  - → Faroese: marskálkur
  - → Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: marskalk
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: marskalk
  - → Old Swedish: marskalk
    - Swedish: marskalk
      - → Finnish: marsalkka
      - → Northern Sami: marskálka
  - → Old Danish: marskalk
    - → Danish: marskal (influenced by German Marschall)
    - ⇒ Old Danish: marsc
      - Danish: marsc (obsolete)
Old Dutch: mariskalk
- Middle Dutch: maerschalc, maerscalc, marscalc
  - Dutch: maarschalk
    - Afrikaans: maarskalk
    - → Indonesian: marsêkal
    - → West Frisian: maarskalk
Old High German: marahscalc
- Middle High German: marhscalc
  - Alemannic German: Marschalk (obsolete)
  - German: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence), Marschalk (obsolete)
    - → Czech: maršál
    - → Estonian: marssal
    - → Lithuanian: maršalas
    - → Macedonian: маршал (maršal)
    - → Russian: ма́ршал (máršal)
      - → Azerbaijani: marşal
      - → Georgian: მარშალი (maršali)
      - → Kazakh: маршал (marşal)
      - → Ukrainian: ма́ршал (máršal)
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      - Latin script: maršal
      - Cyrillic script: маршал
  - Luxembourgish: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence)
  - → Polish: marszałek
    - → Lithuanian: maršalka
→ Medieval Latin: mariscalcus, marescalcus, marescaldus, marescallus, mareschalchus
- Old French: mareschal, marchal, marescal, marescald, marescalc, marschal (see there for further descendants)
- Franco-Provençal: marechâl
  Brionnais: marétsau
  Fribourgeois: martsô
- Italian: maniscalco (possibly mediated through early Gallo-Romance)