Template:grc-conj/documentation

This template uses Module:grc-conj to generate verb inflection table templates. The first argument is the type of table to be generated, followed by one to four stems depending on the tense. Each stem should have no accents, but all short α, ι, υ should be marked with a breve, either combining (ᾰ, ῐ, ῠ) or spacing (ἀ˘). The breve can be added with {{subst:chars|grc}}. (See Template:chars/documentation § Ancient Greek for more information.)

Parameters

Tenses

The first parameter receives a code for a tense, with an optional suffix. The codes are pres (present tense), imperf (imperfect tense), fut (future tense), perf (perfect tense), plup (pluperfect tense), futp (future perfect tense). The suffixes are listed below. If there are two or more conjugation tables in a section, they are commonly placed in order by tense.

Present

The present tense requires one argument: the stem used for both the present and the mediopassive.

pres

simple -ω presents

• {{grc-conj|pres|λῡ}} (λύω (lúō))

pres-con-a

contracted -άω presents

• {{grc-conj|pres-con-a|τῑμ}} (τῑμάω (tīmáō))

pres-con-e

contracted -έω presents

• {{grc-conj|pres-con-e|ποι}} (ποιέω (poiéō))

pres-con-o

contracted -όω presents

• {{grc-conj|pres-con-o|δηλ}} (δηλόω (dēlóō))

pres-con-eta

contracted -ήω presents (διψάω (dipsáō), πεινάω (peináō), χράω (khráō), etc.)

• {{grc-conj|pres-con-eta|ζ}} (ζῶ (zô))

pres-con-e-mono

contracted two-syllable -έω presents which do not contract ε with ο/ω (θέω (théō), πνέω (pnéō), ῥέω (rhéō), χέω (khéō), etc.)

• {{grc-conj|pres-con-e-mono|πλ}} (πλέω (pléō))

pres-ami

athematic -ημῐ presents with underlying -α-

• {{grc-conj|pres-ami|ἱ˘στ}} (ἵστημῐ (hístēmi))

pres-emi

athematic -ημῐ presents with underlying -ε-

• {{grc-conj|pres-emi|τῐθ}} (τίθημῐ (títhēmi))

pres-omi

athematic -ωμῐ presents

• {{grc-conj|pres-omi|δῐδ}} (δίδωμῐ (dídōmi))

pres-numi

athematic -νῡμῐ presents

• {{grc-conj|pres-numi|δεικ}} (δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmi))

Imperfect

The imperfect tense requires one argument: the stem used for both the present and the mediopassive (which usually has an augment).

imperf

simple -ον imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf|ἐλῡ}} (ἔλῡον (élūon))

imperf-con-a

contracted -ᾰον imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-con-a|ἐτῑμ}} (ἐτίμων (etímōn))

imperf-con-e

contracted -εον imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-con-e|ἐποι}} (ἐποίουν (epoíoun))

imperf-con-o

contracted -οον imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-con-o|ἐδηλ}} (ἐδήλουν (edḗloun))

imperf-con-eta

contracted -ηον imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-con-eta|ἐζ}} (ἔζων (ézōn))

imperf-con-e-mono

contracted two-syllable -εον imperfects which do not contract ε with ο/ω

• {{grc-conj|imperf-con-e-mono|ἐπλ}} (ἔπλεον (épleon))

imperf-ami

athematic -ημῐ imperfects with underlying -α-

• {{grc-conj|imperf-ami|ἱστ}} (ἵστην (hístēn))

imperf-emi

athematic -ημῐ imperfects with underlying -ε-

• {{grc-conj|imperf-emi|ἐτῐθ}} (ἐτίθην (etíthēn))

imperf-omi

athematic -ωμῐ imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-omi|ἐδῐδ}} (ἐδίδουν (edídoun))

imperf-numi

athematic -νῡμῐ imperfects

• {{grc-conj|imperf-numi|ἐδεικ}} (ἐδείκνῡν (edeíknūn))

Future

The future tense takes two arguments: the active and middle stem, and the passive stem. If the passive stem is omitted the template will omit the passive.

fut

simple -ω futures

• {{grc-conj|fut|λῡσ|λῠθ}} (λύσω (lúsō), λῠθήσομαι (luthḗsomai))

fut-ln or fut-con-e

contracted futures in -ῶ (active) or -οῦμαι (middle), whose stem often ends in a liquid or nasal (λ, μ, ν, ρ); the future passive endings are no different from those of fut

• {{grc-conj|fut-ln|φᾰν|φᾰν}} (φανῶ (phanô), φᾰνήσομαι (phanḗsomai))

fut-con-a

contracted future with α-contract endings (active -ῶ, middle -ῶμαι; in Attic Greek this usually developed from -ᾰ́σω when the σ disappeared); the future passive endings are no different from fut

• {{grc-conj|fut-con-a|ἐλ|ἐλᾰθ}} (ἐλῶ (elô), ἐλᾰθήσομαι (elathḗsomai))

Aorist

The aorist tense takes four arguments: the active and middle stem with augment, the active and middle stem without augment, the passive stem with augment, the passive stem without augment.

aor-1

first aorists

• {{grc-conj|aor-1|ἐλῡσ|λῡσ|ἐλῠθ|λῠθ}} (ἔλῡσᾰ (élūsa), ἐλύθην (elúthēn))

aor-2

second aorists

• {{grc-conj|aor-2|ἐλῐπ|λῐπ|ἐλειφθ|λειφθ}} (ἔλῐπον (élipon), ἐλείφθην (eleíphthēn))

aor-ami

athematic second aorists with underlying -α-

• {{grc-conj|aor-ami|ἐστ|στ|ἐστᾰθ|στᾰθ}} (ἔστην (éstēn), ἐστάθην (estáthēn))

aor-emi

athematic second aorists with underlying -ε-

• {{grc-conj|aor-emi|ἐθ|θ|ἐτεθ|τεθ}} (ἔθετον (étheton), ἐτέθην (etéthēn))

aor-hmi

athematic second aorists with underlying -η-

• {{grc-conj|aor-hmi|ἐπλ|πλ|form=mid}} (ἐπλήμην (eplḗmēn)

aor-omi

athematic second aorists with underlying -ο-

• {{grc-conj|aor-omi|ἐδ|δ|ἐδοθ|δοθ}} (ἔδοτον (édoton), ἐδόθην (edóthēn))

aor-wmi

athematic second aorists with underlying -ω-

• {{grc-conj|aor-wmi|ἐγν|γν|form=act}} (ἔγνων (égnōn)

aor-numi

athematic second aorists, somewhat reminiscent of verbs whose present tense ends in -νῡμῐ

• {{grc-conj|aor-numi|ἐδ|δ}} (ἔδῡν (édūn))

Perfect

The perfect tense takes two arguments: the active stem and the mediopassive stem (both usually reduplicated). If the mediopassive stem ends in a consonant, the template will detect and modify it.

perf

typical perfects

• {{grc-conj|perf|λελῠκ|λελῠ}} (λέλῠκᾰ (léluka), λέλῠμαι (lélumai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|λελοιπ|λελειπ}} (λέλοιπᾰ (léloipa), λέλειμμαι (léleimmai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|πεποιθ|πεπειθ}} (πέποιθᾰ (pépoitha), πέπεισμαι (pépeismai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|πεπρᾱγ|πεπρᾱγ}} (πέπρᾱγᾰ (péprāga), πέπρᾱγμαι (péprāgmai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|ἠγγελκ|ἠγγελ}} (ἤγγελκᾰ (ḗngelka), ἤγγελμαι (ḗngelmai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|πεφην|πεφᾰν}} (πέφηνᾰ (péphēna), πέφᾰσμαι (péphasmai))
• {{grc-conj|perf|πεπομφ|πεπεμφ}} (πέπομφᾰ (pépompha), πέπεμμαι (pépemmai))
• {{grc-conj|perf||ἐληλεγχ|form=mp}} (ἐλήλεγμαι (elḗlegmai))

perf-ami

athematic second perfects (only supports active)

• {{grc-conj|perf-ami|ἐστ}} (ἔστᾰτον (éstaton))

Pluperfect

The pluperfect tense takes two arguments: the pluperfect active stem and the pluperfect mediopassive stem (both usually with reduplication and augment). Formerly an additional argument was used to form the perfect mediopassive participle if the pluperfect mediopassive stem ends in a consonant: the perfect mediopassive stem (usually with reduplication but without augment). If the mediopassive stem ends in a consonant, the template will detect and modify it.

plup

typical pluperfects

• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐλελῠκ|ἐλελῠ}} (ἐλελύκειν (elelúkein), ἐλέλῠμην (elélumēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐλελοιπ|ἐλελειπ|λελειπ}} (ἐλελοίπειν (eleloípein), ἐλελείμμην (eleleímmēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐπεποιθ|ἐπεπειθ|πεπειθ}} (ἐπεποίθειν (epepoíthein), ἐπεπείσμην (epepeísmēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐπεπρᾱγ|ἐπεπρᾱγ|πεπρᾱγ}} (ἐπεπράγειν (epeprágein), ἐπεπράγμην (epeprágmēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἠγγελκ|ἠγγελ|ἠγγελ}} (ἠγγήλκειν (ēngḗlkein), ἤγγελμαι (ḗngelmai))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐπεφην|ἐπεφᾰν|πεφᾰν}} (ἐπεφήνειν (epephḗnein), ἐπεφάσμην (epephásmēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup|ἐπεπομφ|ἐπεπεμφ|πεπομφ}} (ἐπεπόμφειν (epepómphein), ἐπεπέμμην (epepémmēn))
• {{grc-conj|plup||ἐληλεγχ|ἐληλεγχ|form=mp}} (ἐληλέγμην (elēlégmēn))

plup-ami

athematic second perfects (only supports active)

• {{grc-conj|plup-ami|ἐστ}}

Future perfect

The future perfect requires one argument: the bare stem. It generates middle forms by default, as future perfect active is attested in scant few verbs.

• {{grc-conj|futp|λελῡσ}} (λελύσομαι (lelúsomai))
• {{grc-conj|futp|τεθνηξ|form=full}} (τεθνήξω (tethnḗxō))

Voice and contraction

|form= controls which voices will be displayed, and whether uncontracted or contracted forms are displayed. At most two hyphen-separated values can be included.

The voice codes are act (active voice), mid (middle voice), pass (passive voice), am (active and middle voices), ap (active and passive voices), mp (middle and passive voices or mediopassive voice), full (all voices).

The contraction codes are con (contracted forms), open (uncontracted forms; not currently used).

The default for most tenses is full, but the future perfect shows middle forms by default, and the athematic second perfect and the athematic second pluperfect can only show active forms (there are no mediopassive forms in these paradigms). For the future, aorist, perfect, and pluperfect, the displayed voices depend on the stems provided. A future-tense table shows active and middle forms if the passive stem is omitted and passive forms if the active and middle stem is omitted. An aorist-tense table shows active and middle forms if the passive indicative stem is omitted and passive forms if the active and middle indicative stem is omitted. Perfect- and pluperfect-tense tables show active forms if the mediopassive stem is omitted and mediopassive forms if the active stem is omitted.

Dialect

The dialect can be specified in the |dial= parameter. The most commonly used codes are aio (Aeolic), att (Attic), dor (Doric), epi (Epic), ion (Ionic), koi (Koine), and poi (Poetic); see Module:grc:Dialects for more. If |dial= is not present, the table displays Attic or Koine forms. For some dialects, Module:grc-conj will display conjugated forms with endings that are different from the Attic or Koine endings. Some examples of entries with a particularly large number of dialectal tables: ἀκούω (akoúō), ἔρχομαι (érkhomai), λαμβάνω (lambánō), ὁράω (horáō).

If the forms in the table are used in more than one dialect, specify one in the |dial= parameter and use titleapp to list all the dialects in the titlebar. When two dialects have different sets of forms, add two tables; there is no way to display them in the same table except by manually inputting the forms (which is not recommended).

Other parameters

• titleapp, which specifies text to be appended to the titlebar (for example, dialectal information. Typical usage: {{grc-conj|perf|κεκληγ|titleapp=({{grc-epi}})}}, yielding Perfect: κέκληγᾰ (Epic).
• prefix, required in certain compound verbs due to special rules regarding accent:
  • Required if the stem contains augment or reduplication, has only one vowel (including said augment/reduplication) after the prefix, and is not contracted or athematic. Pluperfects and future perfects are exempt. Example: second aorist εἰσῆλθον (eisêlthon). (Without this argument the template would generate **εἴσηλθον.
  • Required for actives of present, future, and first aorist, if the stem has only one vowel after the prefix. Example: present ἐκλείπω (ekleípō). (The form in question is ἐκλεῖπον (ekleîpon); without this argument the template would generate **ἔκλειπον.)

The examples above would be coded, respectively:

• {{grc-conj|aor-2|εἰσηλθ|εἰσελθ|form=act|prefix=εἰσ}}
• {{grc-conj|pres|ἐκλειπ|prefix=ἐκ}}

Customizing forms

Also, every form can be specifically customized in an entry. For example, if the active subjunctive first singular form specified by the template is λύω, but the actual form used for the word is λυῶ, this would be accomplished with the syntax: AS1S=λυῶ. The cells are each named with an abbreviated form of their name in the following order: Voice, Mood, Person, Number. So:

• Active indicative first singular = AI1S
• Passive (or middle/passive) optative third plural = PO3P
• Imperative forms use C (think command). I was already taken by indicative. Thus:
• Active imperative second dual = AC2D
• Infinitives have only two characters: active infinitive = AI
• Participles are sorted by gender and have three characters: middle participle feminine = MPF