Wiktionary:About Czech

See also Category:Czech language

This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. Specifically it is a policy think tank, working to develop a formal policy. Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES.

This guide is intended to provide guidelines both for creating Czech entries on English Wiktionary as well as for adding Czech translations to English words. The main guidelines for creating any entry on English Wiktionary is set forth in Wiktionary:Entry layout explained; this page is an addition to that page, not a replacement.

If a change occurs in the main guidelines that affects Czech entries, then that change should be reflected here.

Basics

When adding a Czech entry, please consider doing the following minimum amount of work:

1. Add to the English entry, the Czech translation in infinitive form for a verb, singular nominative form with gender for a noun or a proper noun, masculine singular nominative form for an adjective, nominative form for a pronoun. See Wiktionary:Translations for more information.
2. Create a basic Czech entry for the Czech word, as shown in the following examples.

Example

This is an entry for the word vítr, and shows the most fundamental elements of an article:

1. the language section, always Czech (as a level 2 heading),
2. its part of speech or "type", here Noun (as a level 3 heading),
3. the inflection word itself (preferably a template for Czech),
4. an English translation (preceded by "#", which causes automatic numbering),
5. links in the translation for key words in English,

All the examples in this page can be copied and used to start an article or section of an article.

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun|m}}

# [[wind]] {{gloss|movement of air}}

The article core

Noun singular nominative

Example

For vítr:

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun|m}}

# [[wind]] {{gloss|movement of air}}

Templates

• {{cs-noun}} with parameter:

• m, f, n respectively for masculine, feminine and neuter nouns.

Declension

If you have some time you can also add the declensions of the noun with the template {{cs-decl-noun}}. There is also an effort to create an automatic template {{cs-decl-noun-auto}}, try it and if it doesn't work you can improve it = ).

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun|m}}

# [[wind]] {{gloss|movement of air}}

====Declension====
{{cs-decl-noun|vítr|větru|větru|vítr|větře|větru|větrem
|větry|větrů|větrům|větry|větry|větrech|větry}}

Verb infinitive

Example

For jít:

==Czech==

===Verb===
{{cs-verb|a=i}}

# to [[go]] (by foot); to [[walk]].

Templates

• {{cs-verb}} with parameters:

• a=p, a=i respectively for perfective and imperfective aspects
• aa=alternative verb with alternative verb the form of the other aspect

Conjugation

If you have some time you can also add the conjugation of the verb with the template {{cs-conj}}. There is also an effort to create automatic templates (around 30 currently) that use the prefix of the verb as first parameter and for some the letter p as second parameter only in perfective case. See Czech conjugation table templates for them. Try them and if it doesn't work you can add a new one = ).

==Czech==

===Verb===
{{cs-verb|a=i}}

# to [[go]] (by foot); to [[walk]].

====Conjugation====
{{cs-conj|jdu|jdeš|jde|jdeme|jdete|jdou
|půjdu|půjdeš|půjde|půjdeme|půjdete|půjdou
|šel, šla, šlo|šel, šla, šlo|šel, šla, šlo
|šli, šly, šla|šli, šly, šla|šli, šly, šla}}

Verbs with subject and object reversed

• To be discussed; see e.g. mrzet; líto vs být líto.

Reflexive verbs

• Put the meaning of těšit se in the těšit entry, using the {{lb|cs|reflexive-se}} template.
• Even if no non-reflexive form exists, put to the non-reflexive form page, like in mračit se.
• To těšit se, optionally put: # {{reflexive of|těšit}}

Perfective vs imperfective verbs

• Whether, when entering Czech translations of verbs into the pages with English entries, I should enter perfective or imperfective form of the word, is unclear. Sometimes, the imperfective is the obvious default, like dělat instead of udělat, zadělat or rozdělat. Elsewhere, the case is not so clear, such as in znepokojit vs znepokojovat.
• Another issue is the possible duplication of entries such as znepokojit and znepokojovat. This duplication could perhaps be avoided, by making one of the entries the main one while letting the other one link to the first one, in the style of mračit se linking to mračit.
• See {{imperfective form of}}.

Noun form other than singular nominative

To use only for an already existing page in another language or for a very frequent form.

Example

For korun:

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{head|cs|noun form}}

# {{inflection of|cs|koruna||gen|p}}

Templates

• {{inflection of}}

Verb form other than infinitive

To use only for an already existing page in another language or for a very frequent form.

Example

For doufám:

==Czech==

===Verb===
{{cs-verb form}}

# {{inflection of|cs|doufat||1|s|pres}}

Templates

• {{cs-verb form}}
• {{inflection of}}

Adjective

Enter only the masculine singular nominative form.

We need to extend the template for comparative and superlative form.

If you want to enter other forms, you need to create a declension template, {{cs-decl-adj}}, like {{cs-decl-noun}} for nouns. See malý in the Czech version and malý in the German version (full table).

Example

For malý:

==Czech==

===Adjective===
{{cs-adj}}

# [[small]]

Templates

• {{cs-adj}}

Adverb

They are not inflected = ) but the comparative yes : |.

Enter at least the basic form then the comparative and superlative.

We need to extend the template for comparative and superlative form.

Example

For moc:

==Czech==

===Adverb===
{{cs-adv}}

# [[very]]
# [[lot]], [[a lot]]

Templates

• {{cs-adv}}

Proper noun

Very similar to noun except there should be no neuter or inanimate masculine gender.

Declension is not mandatory.

Example

For Praha:

==Czech==

===Proper noun===
{{cs-proper noun|g=f}}

# [[Prague]]

====Declension====
{{cs-decl-noun|Praha|Prahy|Praze|Prahu|Praho|Praze|Prahou
|Prahy|Prah|Prahám|Prahy|Prahy|Prahách|Prahami}}

Templates

• {{cs-proper noun}} with parameter:

• g=m, g=f, g=n respectively for masculine, feminine and neuter nouns.

• {{cs-decl-noun}}

Pronoun

We need to explain the different cases: personal, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative.

Example

For co:

==Czech==

===Pronoun===
{{cs-pron}}

# [[what]]

Templates

• {{cs-pron}}

Preposition

They are not inflected = ) but always match a case so it is a good idea to give the case that should follow them.

Example

For bez:

==Czech==

===Preposition===
{{cs-prep}}

# [[without]]

====Usage notes====
Followed by [[genitive]] case.

Templates

• {{cs-prep}}

Conjunction

Currently there is no specific Czech template.

Example

For i:

==Czech==

===Conjunction===
{{head|cs|conjunction}}

# [[and]]

Templates

• {{head|cs|conjunction}}

Proverb

Here are the main rules to enter Czech proverbs:

1. Wiki links on the words or group of word of the Czech proverb in masculine singular form
2. Translation with the equivalent proverb in English with a # after the entry, if not just omit
3. Literal translation of the Czech proverb in the Etymology section
4. Explanation of the idiomatic meaning of the Czech proverb: after the translation with #:, in italic

See also Wiktionary talk:About_Czech#Summary.

Example

For samochvála smrdí:

==Czech==

===Etymology===

Literally: Self praise stinks.

===Proverb===
{{cs-prov|sg=[[samochvála]] [[smrdět|smrdí]]}}

# The [[praise]] you give to yourself is not trustworthy for other people.

Templates

• Proverb: {{cs-prov}}

Affix

• Prefix: {{cs-pref}}
• Suffix: {{cs-suff}}

Headings before the definitions

Etymology

The Czech language developed at the close of the 1st millennium from the Proto-Slavic language. Some words come from German too due to the proximity.

See Wiktionary:Etymology for the format and Wikipedia:History of the Czech language for more information.

Pronunciation

Some letter are difficult to pronounce for English people, mainly those with háček or caron like ř that soften the pronunciation.

Contrary to languages like French, Czech language is usually pronounced exactly like it is written so when you know the pronunciation of each letter, a few letter groups, and some phonetic rules (e.g., voiceless consonant followed by voiced consonant assimilates voicing: kdo is pronounced /gdo/), you know how to pronounce every Czech word. It is thus maybe not so important to give the pronunciation for every word.

See Wiktionary:Pronunciation for the format and Wikipedia:Czech phonology for more information.

IPA markup for o and short u: I (Dan Polansky) tend to use o and u since that is what my sources tell me: Bičan's IPA pro češtinu and Šimáčková, Podlipský, Václav, Chládková, Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia (2012). Multiple editors keep switching to ɔ and, for short u, ʊ but they never tell us what their sources are.

Headings after the definitions

Related terms

For problems with too many related terms, see žít, where the related terms živit, zažít and užít generate a host of terms related to them, resulting in a large list of items if made complete.

Example markup:

===Related terms===
{{rel-top}}
* [[...]]
* [[...]]
{{rel-bottom}}

Further reading

Example:

===Further reading===
* {{R:PSJC}}
* {{R:SSJC}}

Another example:

===Further reading===
* {{R:KNLA}}
* {{R:ASCS}}

Categories

General categories

Remember that if you use a template, the category is automatically added.

If there is no template for the type of entry you enter, you can add a category like this:

==Czech==

===Phrase===
{{head|cs|phrase}}

# [[good day]]

[[Category:Czech phrasebook]]

See Category:Czech language for an overview of all Czech categories where you can put an entry.

Topical categories

Articles can be classified into topics.

The top level page for Czech topics is Category:cs:All topics.

If not already existing, add a new category section modelled on the English categories:

• Example with the page Category:cs:Fruits.

{{wikipedia|lang=cs|Kategorie:Ovoce}}
{{nav|lang=cs|langname=Czech|current=Fruits|parent=Foods}}

Then, add the category at the end of the Czech entry:

• Example with the page ananas

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun|g=m}}

# [[pineapple]]

[[Category:cs:Fruits]]

Expressive terms

Using the label expressive adds the term to Category:Czech expressive terms. This is used for terms with additional expressive content compared with the basic meaning of the term. This term is common in Czech lexicography and is found in most Czech dictionaries, but there is no exact equivalent in English lexicography. The closest equivalents might be a combination of colloquial and either endearing or pejorative, as the case may be.

Which entries to add?

• Wiktionary:Requested entries:Czech

See also

Templates

• Category:Czech templates
• Category:Czech inflection-table templates

To understand and know how to write a template see:

• Template
• Template functions

Wikipedia

• W:Czech language
• W:Czech alphabet
• W:Czech declension
• W:Czech orthography
• W:Czech phonetic transcription
• W:Czech phonology
• W:Czech verb
• W:Czech word order
• W:Háček
• W:Czech name
• W:Category:Czech language